“…Resulting from the use of numerical analysis techniques, optimization of such structures using derivative-based approaches that require gradient information are less common with none found in the literature for FEA analysis cases. Furthermore, many examples of multiobjective optimization problems can be found, which further restricts the choice of optimizer if all objectives are to be considered (Namvar and Vosoughi, 2020;Paz et al, 2014Paz et al, , 2015Wang et al, 2017;Yin et al, 2011). The most common choices for an optimizer found for these problems have been surrogate optimization (Paz et al, 2014(Paz et al, , 2015Sun et al, 2010), and evolutionary and heuristic optimization techniques (Huang et al, 2021;Namvar and Vosoughi, 2020;Schultz et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2017;Yin et al, 2011).…”