“…Data-driven frameworks, including machine-learning (ML) models, have emerged as a prominent focus and a topical subject in various engineering disciplines, notably in the realm of water and environmental engineering (Solomatine and Ostfeld, 2008;Giustolisi and Savic, 2009;Araghinejad, 2013). Whether it involves a more efficient optimization algorithm (e.g., Jalili et al, 2023;Wu et al, 2023), employing meticulous data mining methods (e.g., Aslam et al, 2022;Beig Zali et al, 2023;Zolghadr-Asli et al, 2023), developing sophisticated ML models (e.g., Ray et al, 2023;Sun et al, 2023), or, more recently, utilizing large-language models such as ChatGPT (e.g., Foroumandi et al, 2023;Halloran et al, 2023), the core premise of this sub-discipline, often referred to as hydroinformatics within the domain of water and hydrology-related science, lies in the potential of computational intelligence (CI) and, possibly, artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape the future of this field (Makropoulos and Savić, 2019;Loucks, 2023). In essence, hydroinformatics can be viewed as a management philosophy enabled by (CI/AI) technology, and its primary objective is to establish a systematic approach to representing and comprehending the intricate and multidimensional phenomena prevalent in water management.…”