Multi-omics analyses of 398 foxtail millet accessions reveal genomic regions associated with domestication, metabolite traits, and anti-inflammatory effects

The Integration of Genome-Wide Association Study and Homology Analysis to Explore the Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes for Panicle-Related Traits in Foxtail Millet

“…The LD of accessions in Group 4 attenuated slowly, while the LD of accessions in Group 1 attenuated most quickly. Genomic regions within 100 kb were regarded as a QTL region based on prior studies and the LD attenuation of all accessions [ 5 , 24 ]. Additionally, foxtail millet accessions of different subgroups also showed significant differences in six panicle-related traits ( Figure 3 ).…”

“…After more than 10,000 years of planting and cultivation, due to different growth regions, climate, water, soil, and other environmental factors, the foxtail millet germplasm displays immense diversity with rich genetic diversity [ 4 ]. In addition, the rapid development of foxtail millet as a C 4 model crop of Gramineae and the further exploitation of foxtail millet genetic resources and cutting-edge molecular breeding are inevitable due to rising consumer demand for healthy food [ 5 ].…”

“…The genetic basis of some complex traits, such as leaf and stripe rust resistance in break wheat, morphological traits exposed to drought in barley, agronomic traits in rice, and major biofuel traits in sorghum, has been analyzed by GWASs to some extent [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. There are relatively few GWASs on foxtail millet, and only three large-scale GWASs have been reported to mine QTL and genes related to agronomic traits and metabolites in foxtail millet [ 5 , 23 , 24 ]. In addition, a large number of studies have confirmed the existence of convergent selection in the domestication and modern breeding of gramineous crops, and a series of genes, including TaKAO-4A , have been found in wheat by large-scale homology analysis, which are key candidate genes for the rice-like selection and regulation of agronomic traits [ 18 ].…”

Genetic characterization of hull color using BSR-Seq and genome re-sequencing approaches in foxtail millet

“…As the reference genome sequence of foxtail millet is available, it may not be difficult to develop more molecular markers to finely map and cloning of the candidate genes and disclose the regulatory mechanism underlying hull color trait. The availability of genome sequences for a large number of foxtail millet cultivars and breeding lines with clear hull color performances and multi-omics approaches will facilitate this process ( Jia et al., 2013 ; Li et al., 2022 ). The identification of genomic regions associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, in particular highly expressed gene Si1g06530 in panicle, can serve as a good start for studying regulatory mechanism of hull color in foxtail millet.…”

An optimistic future of C4 crop broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) for food security under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations

“…Millet grain was abundant in health-beneficial phenolic compounds compromise phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, which were beneficial to human health ( Hassan, Sebola & Mabelebele, 2021 ). Millets flavonoids had shown a remarkable spectrum of therapeutic properties for medical and clinical applications, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antihy- pertensive, diuretic, analgesic, and hypolipidemic effects ( Banerjee et al, 2012 ; Chethan, 2008 ; Edge, Jones & Marquart, 2005 ; Ekta & Sarita, 2016 ; Li et al, 2022 ). A recent study revealed that the contents and types of flavonoids compounds in minor grains (sorghum, foxtail millet, and broomcorn millet) were more than those in staple crops (wheat, maize, and rice) ( Tang et al, 2022 ).…”