Multi-Omics for the Understanding of Brain Diseases

Clara, Villa; Yoon, Jong Hyuk

doi:10.3390/life11111202

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our interest depends on choosing a reduced area from the whole drug, standard, and disease image dataset, including medicines and diseases, even with some adjacent sections [ 58 ]. Therefore, we focus on minimising the false-negative rate (FNR), i.e., the ratio of undetected drugs and normal and diseased slices to total drug, normal, and diseased slices, taking into account the average of all previous expert observers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation of Drug-Treated Cell Image and Mitochondrial-Oxidative Stress Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Nawabi

Sheng

Abbasi

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Most multicellular organisms require apoptosis, or programmed cell death, to function properly and survive. On the other hand, morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis have remained remarkably consistent throughout evolution. Apoptosis is thought to have at least three functionally distinct phases: induction, effector, and execution. Recent studies have revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidative stress could play an essential role in apoptosis. Advanced microscopic imaging techniques allow biologists to acquire an extensive amount of cell images within a matter of minutes which rule out the manual analysis of image data acquisition. The segmentation of cell images is often considered the cornerstone and central problem for image analysis. Currently, the issue of segmentation of mitochondrial cell images via deep learning receives increasing attention. The manual labeling of cell images is time-consuming and challenging to train a pro. As a courtesy method, mitochondrial cell imaging (MCI) is proposed to identify the normal, drug-treated, and diseased cells. Furthermore, cell movement (fission and fusion) is measured to evaluate disease risk. The newly proposed drug-treated, normal, and diseased image segmentation (DNDIS) algorithm can quickly segment mitochondrial cell images without supervision and further segment the highly drug-treated cells in the picture, i.e., normal, diseased, and drug-treated cells. The proposed method is based on the ResNet-50 deep learning algorithm. The dataset consists of 414 images mainly categorised into different sets (drug, diseased, and normal) used microscopically. The proposed automated segmentation method has outperformed and secured high precision (90%, 92%, and 94%); moreover, it also achieves proper training. This study will benefit medicines and diseased cell measurements in medical tests and clinical practices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation of Drug-Treated Cell Image and Mitochondrial-Oxidative Stress Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Nawabi

Sheng

Abbasi

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…The cell types that activate inflammasomes and produce inflammatory mediators in response to surgical stress may be discovered using this technique [ 68 , 177 ]. To provide a more thorough knowledge of the role of inflammasomes in POCD, multi-omics analysis incorporates a variety of omics data, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics [ 178 ]. This approach may be utilized to find new biomarkers for inflammasome activity and to comprehend the molecular mechanisms behind cognitive impairment brought on by inflammasome activity [ 179 ].…”

Section: Potential Research Directions For Pocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the Gap: Investigating the Link between Inflammasomes and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Aging and disease

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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a cluster of cognitive problems that may arise after surgery. POCD symptoms include memory loss, focus inattention, and communication difficulties. Inflammasomes, intracellular multiprotein complexes that control inflammation, may have a significant role in the development of POCD. It has been postulated that the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes cognitive impairment by triggering the inflammatory response in the brain. Nevertheless, there are many gaps in the current literature to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and develop future therapy. This review article underlines the limits of our current knowledge about the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome and POCD. We first discuss inflammasomes and their types, structures, and functions, then summarize recent evidence of the NLRP3 inflammasome's involvement in POCD. Next, we propose a hypothesis that suggests the involvement of inflammasomes in multiple organs, including local surgical sites, blood circulation, and other peripheral organs, leading to systemic inflammation and subsequent neuronal dysfunction in the brain, resulting in POCD. Research directions are then discussed, including analyses of inflammasomes in more clinical POCD animal models and clinical trials, studies of inflammasome types that are involved in POCD, and investigations into whether inflammasomes occur at the surgical site, in circulating blood, and in peripheral organs. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of using new technologies and approaches to study inflammasomes in POCD. A thorough investigation of inflammasomes in POCD might substantially affect clinical practice.

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“…Multi‐omics data also offer opportunities to redefine the precision in the field of oncology, by uncovering potential novel biomarkers to classify cancer types and understanding the variability in treatment response to improve cancer treatment 24 . Apart from these, the integrative multi‐omics data also provide important insights into the understanding of underlying mechanisms in human brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson diseases) and mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) 25 . Dissecting each molecular level from DNA, transcript, protein, and metabolic processes as well as integrating with the available clinical information can provide a holistic view of underlying disease mechanisms and guide the therapeutic decision for the diseases mentioned above more effectively (Figure 1).…”

Section: Leveraging the Emergence Of 5g Network Technology For Advanc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and challenges of 5G network technology toward precision medicine

Kang,

Lee,

Lim

et al. 2023

Clinical Translational Sci

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Moving away from traditional “one‐size‐fits‐all” treatment to precision‐based medicine has tremendously improved disease prognosis, accuracy of diagnosis, disease progression prediction, and targeted‐treatment. The current cutting‐edge of 5G network technology is enabling a growing trend in precision medicine to extend its utility and value to the smart healthcare system. The 5G network technology will bring together big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to provide essential levels of connectivity to enable a new health ecosystem toward precision medicine. In the 5G‐enabled health ecosystem, its applications involve predictive and preventative measurements which enable advances in patient personalization. This review aims to discuss the opportunities, challenges, and prospects posed to 5G network technology in moving forward to deliver personalized treatments and patient‐centric care via a precision medicine approach.

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Multi-Omics for the Understanding of Brain Diseases

Abstract: Brain diseases, including both neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, represent the third largest healthcare problem in developed countries, after cardiovascular disorders and cancer [...]

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Segmentation of Drug-Treated Cell Image and Mitochondrial-Oxidative Stress Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Segmentation of Drug-Treated Cell Image and Mitochondrial-Oxidative Stress Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Bridging the Gap: Investigating the Link between Inflammasomes and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Opportunities and challenges of 5G network technology toward precision medicine

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