Multi-outlet storage tanks to improve water distribution networks in India

Ghorpade, Anujkumar; Sinha, Abhishek; Kalbar, Pradip P.

doi:10.1080/1573062x.2021.1914117

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…An unequal distribution of pressure across IWS networks has also been widely observed, for example, Ghorpade et al [11] observe inequitable pressure in IWS systems in India. This is supported by Andey & Kelkar [12] who found significant variation in the measured pressure across four IWS networks also in India.…”

Section: Network Hydraulicsmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Model of Intermittent Water Supply Simulating the Inequitable Distribution of Water

MacRorie,

Speight,

Weston

et al. 2022

Proceedings - 2nd International Join Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis (WDSA)& Computing and Control in the

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Over one billion people worldwide with access to piped water experience Intermittent Water Supply (IWS), where consumers receive water for only a fraction of the day or week. A widely observed problem associated with IWS is the inequitable distribution of water across the network. This results in different consumers in the network receiving different volumes of water. Modelling the inequity within IWS systems remains an open research field. To date, simulations have often adapted hydraulic modelling software to understand the distribution of water with little attention to the consumer interaction with the network. This paper proposes a conceptual model based on a more holistic understanding of water distribution in IWS systems. Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in received volumes, as well as the variation in consumer access within the network, enables a more representative simulation of the inequitable quantity of water received by consumers.

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Section: Network Hydraulicsmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Model of Intermittent Water Supply Simulating the Inequitable Distribution of Water

MacRorie,

Speight,

Weston

et al. 2022

Proceedings - 2nd International Join Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis (WDSA)& Computing and Control in the

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“…shaft, manifold, and multi-outlet tanks, for improving the efficiency of existing IWS. Furthermore, Ghorpade et al (2021) reported multi-outlet tanks' superiority over conventional single outlet tanks in terms of hydraulic and operational aspects.…”

Section: Learnings and Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers for Intermittent Water Supply in India: Critical Review and Perspectives

Ghorpade¹,

Sinha²,

Kalbar³

2021

Front. Water

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Intermittent Water Supply (IWS) is prevalent in most developing countries. Specifically, in India, IWS is existent throughout the country. Many studies focus on documenting the effects of IWS, and rarely the drivers of the IWS regime are studied. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted on IWS studies around the globe. The various causes for IWS were documented. Then, by studying India's typical water supply system (WSS) configuration, the vicious cycle of IWS in India is discussed. Further, the drivers of IWS were identified and elaborated with the causing mechanisms. This knowledge will help devise strategies and solutions for improving the IWS in India and other developing countries with similar socio-economic conditions.

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“…To achieve SDG 6.1 and its national counterparts, utilities, researchers, and regulators have attempted to optimize intermittent operation to improve service and move towards continuous supply (e.g., [6]- [9]). But for IWS optimization efforts to yield practical value, optimizations must be founded on a modelling method that meaningfully represents consumer behaviours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling consumers in intermittent water supplies: a comparative review of EPANET - based methods

Abdelazeem,

Meyer

2022

Proceedings - 2nd International Join Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis (WDSA)& Computing and Control in the

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Intermittent Water Supply (IWS) networks, which pressurize for less than 24 hours/day, affect 1 billion people worldwide and are associated with increased water contamination and inequitable distribution. Due to these downsides, various methods to model consumers and understand their behaviour were proposed. We found more than 8 different methods of modelling IWS consumers, but we know of no comparative analyses of these methods nor their efficacy. This study comparatively reviews methods of modelling IWS consumers implemented in EPANET, due to their prevalence, reproducibility, and accessibility. Methods of modelling IWS consumers were found to fall into three groups based on their assumed consumer withdrawal behaviour: unrestricted, flow-restricted, and volume-restricted methods. We applied each method to three reference networks and compared the methods’ performance after subjecting each reference network to common IWS improvement strategies, including changing the supply duration and/or source pressure. Flow-restricted methods assume consumers withdraw their demands at a constant rate, leading to unrealistic predictions when subjected to unexpected changes in supply conditions. Volume-restricted methods assume consumers withdraw at the highest, hydraulically feasible rate until their storage tanks fill. This assumption highlights pronounced inequality between consumers, as consumers advantaged by source proximity and/or elevation receive their demands faster and earlier. Our results demonstrate that the simulated behaviour of IWS depends substantially on the type of consumer model employed. Presented examples demonstrate that consumer model selection can change the simulation-predicted optimal strategies for coping with and improving IWS. IWS modelling methods should reflect the consumer behaviour in the modelled network and the model’s intended use.

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Multi-outlet storage tanks to improve water distribution networks in India

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

A Model of Intermittent Water Supply Simulating the Inequitable Distribution of Water

A Model of Intermittent Water Supply Simulating the Inequitable Distribution of Water

Drivers for Intermittent Water Supply in India: Critical Review and Perspectives

Modelling consumers in intermittent water supplies: a comparative review of EPANET - based methods

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