Multi-parameter optical fiber sensor based on enhanced multimode interference

Luo, Yiyang; Xia, Li; Yu, Can; Li, Wei; Sun, Qizhen; Wang, Yuanwu; Liu, Deming

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2015.01.025

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, the NCF wavelength shifts due to the temper ature changes alone ( λ ∆ T ), can be calculated as (8) where λ ∆ n T, is the overall shift due to the direct and indirect contribution of temperature and water refractive index change, respectively; K n,NCF is the calculated refractive index sensi tivity of the NCF (116.5 nm RIU −1 ); and R Water is the water thermooptic coefficient, calculated from the data points given in [24] as −2 × 10 −4 °C 1 . The correspondent λ ∆ T found after the correction can be seen on figure 5(c) as the square points.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous measurement of strain, temperature and refractive index based on multimode interference, fiber tapering and fiber Bragg gratings

Oliveira

Osório

Aristilde

et al. 2016

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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We report the development of an optical fiber sensor capable of simultaneously measuring strain, temperature and refractive index. The sensor is based on the combination of two fiber Bragg gratings written in a standard singlemode fiber, one in an untapered region and another in a tapered region, spliced to a nocore fiber. The possibility of simultaneously measuring three parameters relies on the different sensitivity responses of each part of the sensor. The results have shown the possibility of measuring three parameters simultaneously with a resolution of 3.77 με, 1.36 °C and 5 × 10 −4 , respectively for strain, temperature and refractive index. On top of the multiparameter ability, the simple production and combination of all the parts involved on this opticalfiberbased sensor is an attractive feature for several sensing applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a variety of parameters such as temperature [1,3], strain [4], refractive index [1,3], liquid level [5], displacement [6] and vibration [7], have been measured by this fiberbased device. In addition, the combination of different detection schemes has also been reported to discriminate the parameters being measured [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous measurement of strain, temperature and refractive index based on multimode interference, fiber tapering and fiber Bragg gratings

Oliveira

Osório

Aristilde

et al. 2016

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Optical fiber sensor technology is gaining so much interest recently due to its interesting features such as compactness, ruggedness multi‐parameters sensing capability, and design flexibility. There are several well‐known sensing techniques including fiber Bragg grating (FBG), fiber laser, multimode interference (MMI) effect, and fiber interferometer . Fiber interferometers such as Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and Michelson interferometer can be constructed using certain combinations of single mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), and/or specialty fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multi‐parameter sensing capability is an important feature for most sensing applications as different information can be acquired using a single and compact sensing point. Several techniques have been proposed including MMI structure written with FBG for simultaneous strain and temperature sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐clad fiber Michelson interferometer for measurement of temperature and refractive index

Musa

Baharin

Azmi

et al. 2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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An all-fiber Michelson interferometer based on doubleclad fiber (DCF) is proposed for temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing. The sensor is formed by continuous splicing between single mode fiber, multimode fiber, and DCF. Temperature measurement is achieved by monitoring the dip wavelength shift of the interferometer spectra resulting from thermo-optic effect on core and first cladding of DCF. RI measurement is established from the power change in spectra due to the Fresnel's reflection at the DCF tip. Experimental result on 18.5 mm sensor manifests that temperature and RI responses are distinguishable. For instance, power level at 1540.5 nm exhibits quadratic shift to RI changes while unaffected to temperature changes. Dip wavelengths of sensor spectra demonstrate linear shift to temperature changes while unaffected by RI changes. The proposed sensor is cost effective as sensor fabrication only requires conventional splicing. Sensor capability to distinguish temperature and RI parameters makes it practical for broad range applications including for biomedical and food industries. K E Y W O R D S double-clad fiber, multi-parameter sensing, temperature and refractive index sensor | I NTRO DUC TI ONOptical fiber sensor technology is gaining so much interest recently due to its interesting features such as compactness, ruggedness multi-parameters sensing capability, and design flexibility. There are several well-known sensing techniques including fiber Bragg grating (FBG), 1 fiber laser, 2 multimode interference (MMI) effect, 3-7 and fiber interferometer. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Fiber interferometers such as Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), [8][9][10][11] and Michelson interferometer 12-14 can be constructed using certain combinations of single mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), and/or specialty fibers. It can be configured and optimized to detect particular physical parameters including temperature, strain and refractive index (RI). Post-processing such as etching and tapering 11 may be incorporated into the sensor design to enhance sensing performance.Multi-parameter sensing capability 3-13 is an important feature for most sensing applications as different information can be acquired using a single and compact sensing point. Several techniques have been proposed including MMI structure written with FBG 3 for simultaneous strain and temperature sensing. On the other hand, MZI superimposed with FBG 8 has been reported for detection of temperature, strain, and ultrasonic vibration. Both aforementioned techniques consist of integrated MMI/interferometer and FBG structures which retain the sensing characteristics of each component to particular parameters. Thus, distinguishable responses are achievable which made possible for simultaneous multiparameter sensing. The other technique for multi-parameter sensing is based on combination of MMI and Fresnel reflection, 4 which utilized for temperature and RI measurement. The reported sensitivities of this technique for temperature and RI are 8.5 pm/8C and ...

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“…The optical fiber MZI works in the same way as well where light propagating through a SMF is divided by various mechanisms into the reference arm and sensing arm and recombined to give an interference spectrum at the output [92]. This is usually done by splicing a specialty fiber (like an all-silica fiber, for example) which would initiate multi modal excitation resulting in light propagating in the core and the cladding and result in an interference spectrum in the output [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. The light propagating in the specialty fiber would be 'split' into the isolated core mode (reference arm) and higher order modes (sensing arm)…”

Section: Mach-zehnder Interferometer (Mzi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanomaterials incorporated specialty optical fibers for environmental sensing applications

Tan¹

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The role of optical fibers as a medium for information transfer has found many applications in the world today. One of these applications is in environmental sensing, where slight perturbations in the ambient environment can be remotely detected through modulation of light at selected points along the optical fiber cable. These perturbations exist in the form of variations in refractive index (RI), temperature or strain. This thesis presents several optical fiber-based RI sensors, consisting of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs), Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) and multimode interferometers (MMIs), which are individually fabricated from photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) or multimode fibers (MMFs), integrated with carbon nanomaterials. The integration process involved the deposition of a carbon nanotube (CNT) overlay on LPFGs, PCF-MZIs and MMF-MMIs, and multilayer graphene (MG) overlay on PCF-MZIs. These carbon nanomaterials with their unique properties modified the sensing scheme of the conventional sensors, allowing them to gain immunity from certain free spectral range limitations, extend their operation range and also present the potential for dual parameter sensing. For the CNT-deposited LPFGs and PCF-MZIs, the maximum achievable sensitivity within the RI range of 1.33 to 1.42 was approximately 47 dB/RIU and 24.2 dB/RIU, respectively. The maximum achievable sensitivity for the MGdeposited PCF-MZIs was approximately 17.5 dB/RIU within the RI range of 1.33-1.43. For the MMF-MMIs, the maximum achievable sensitivity was approximately 98.8 dB/RIU within the RI range of 1.33 to 1.46. These modified sensors were not only able to continuously measure variations in RI of their ambient environment while only acquiring errors mainly from source power fluctuations, but also exhibited comparable performances in terms of their stability, repeatability and reproducibility.

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Multi-parameter optical fiber sensor based on enhanced multimode interference

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Simultaneous measurement of strain, temperature and refractive index based on multimode interference, fiber tapering and fiber Bragg gratings

Simultaneous measurement of strain, temperature and refractive index based on multimode interference, fiber tapering and fiber Bragg gratings

Double‐clad fiber Michelson interferometer for measurement of temperature and refractive index

Carbon nanomaterials incorporated specialty optical fibers for environmental sensing applications

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