SUMMARY
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth
Schistosoma
spp. and has the second highest global impact of all parasites.
Schistosoma
are transmitted through contact with contaminated fresh water predominantly in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Due to the widespread prevalence of
Schistosoma
, co-infection with other infectious agents is common but often poorly described. Herein, we review recent literature describing the impact of
Schistosoma
co-infection between species and
Schistosoma
co-infection with blood-borne protozoa, soil-transmitted helminths, various intestinal protozoa,
Mycobacterium
,
Salmonella
, various urinary tract infection-causing agents, and viral pathogens. In each case, disease severity and, of particular interest, the immune landscape, are altered as a consequence of co-infection. Understanding the impact of schistosomiasis co-infections will be important when considering treatment strategies and vaccine development moving forward.