Multi-party Energy Management of Energy Hub: A Hybrid Approach with Stackelberg Game and Blockchain

Abstract

In an integrated energy distribution system (IEDS), an energy hub has been introduced and deemed to be a suitable tool for managing and integrating multi-party energy forms. Due to different energies having diverse characteristics and being coupled with each other, it is difficult for an energy hub to implement the optimal scheduling of multiple energy sources. Therefore, an energy optimization management model is proposed based on the Stackelberg game, which considers the exergy conversion of multi-party energy sources in different operation modes. The problem is solved by the two-layer distributed optimization algorithm, in which the energy hub acts as the leader and is followed by the users. Furthermore, in order to alleviate the deception, malicious tampering, subpeption, and other secure risks in energy trading, blockchain is introduced into the energy hub and the concept of exergy coin (EC) is proposed. A credit-based blockchain framework and concurrent block building consensus process is explored to reduce the calculation cost and promote the exergy trading efficiency. Finally, the case study shows how the proposed method can effectively optimize energy scheduling and configure a more reasonable energy solution.

Optimal Dispatch and Control Strategy of Integrated Energy System Considering Multiple P2H to Provide Integrated Demand Response

“…However, they ignore the interaction process between the operator and users. Thus, a study handled the interaction problem from game theory to reach equilibrium from energy aspects (Liu et al, 2020). However, it still ignores the interest coupling between users and the operator.…”

Hierarchical Energy Management in Islanded Networked Microgrids

“…Rezaei et al considered the frequency stability of a microgrid [16]. Liu et al improved the security of an EMS using blockchain consensus algorithms [17]. Di Silvestre et al established the possibility of load generation and aggregation using a blockchain [18].…”

P2H Modeling and Operation in the Microgrid Under Coupled Electricity–Hydrogen Markets

“…Meanwhile, as multiple markets are involved in the joint operation, equilibrium constraints will make it complicated for the optimization problem. The strategic behavior of multiple microgrids' joint operation was studied by Liu et al (2017), Liu et al (2020), andZhou et al (2021). To transform the mathematical programming problem with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) into a mixed-integer linear programming model, the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, strong duality theorem, and binary expansion method are mostly used (Sadat and Fan, 2017;Guo et al, 2020).…”