Multi-party semi-quantum private comparison based on the maximally entangled GHZ-type states

Abstract

The goal of semi-quantum privacy comparison (SQPC) is to use a small amount of quantum capabilities to compare private information for equality. In recent years, research on semi-quantum privacy comparison protocol has made some achievements. However, most of SQPC protocols can merely compare the private information of two parties, and the research of multi-party SQPC protocols are still scarce. If the number of participants is more than two, the protocol needs to be executed multiple times. Therefore, we proposed a multi-party semi-quantum private comparison protocol based on the maximally entangled GHZ-type state, which has the capability to compare the equality of n parties by executing the protocol once. What is more, the transmission of participant’s encrypted information is not through the classical channel, which improves the security of the protocol. Finally, the security analysis shows that outsider attacks, dishonest participants attacks and semi-honest TP attacks are all invalid for this protocol.

Multi-party private size comparison protocol under the semi-quantum condition

“…From table 4, one can obtain that our protocol can be executed among classical participants with fewer (or no) quantum devices, which is similar to the protocols in [18,19,[22][23][24]. In contrast, the protocol in [37] can make private comparison only among quantum participants.…”

“…In [24], a novel multi-party SQPC protocol for comparing the equality was devised with the maximally entangled GHZtype states. In the protocol, TP needs 6NL qubits to prepare 2NL three-qubit GHZ-type states, while each participant needs NL new qubit to carry the encrypted information.…”

“…In future secure quantum network communication, multi-party SQPC (MPSQPC) will play an important role. Fortunately, the semi-quantum model has been applied to the multi-party private comparison protocols [23][24][25]. Nevertheless, they can only compare the equality rather than the size relationship of the privacies.…”

Robust Multi‐Party Semi‐Quantum Private Comparison Protocols with Decoherence‐Free States against Collective Noises

“…Our protocols have good properties to counteract collective noises, while the protocols in refs. [24][25][26] could only work under ideal or noiseless environments. Compared with the noise-resisting QPC protocols in refs.…”

“…[24] Based on maximally entangled GHZ-type states, Wu et al designed a MSQPC protocol. [25] With the aid of a quantum third party and a classical one, Ye and Lian put forward a MSQPC protocol to determine the size relationship of multiple classical participants' inputs. [26] These discussed schemes could only work under the ideal noiseless environments.…”