Multi-physics modeling of the ignition of polymer matrix composites exposed to fire

Langot, Jean; Pelzmann, Tanja; Chávez-Gómez, Pablo; Boanta, Cornel; Karsten, Julian; Fiedler, Bodo; Lévesque, Martin; Robert, Étienne

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103312

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…This translates into challenging design constraints for modern aircraft, since they extensively rely on inherently‐flammable carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites 2 . The intricate thermal, physical, and chemical processes involved in CFRP combustion 3,4 make the fate of CFs exposed to fire difficult to predict. Moreover, desirable outcomes are sometimes conflicting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fiber damage evolution under flame attack and the role of impurities

et al. 2022

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Carbon fibers (CFs) are prone to extensive oxidation under fire attack, for instance, in an aircraft fire scenario. This work addresses the damage mechanisms observed on polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based CFs with different microstructure exposed to open flames. A fixed-point technique was developed to follow-up individual CFs by means of time-controlled insertion into premixed methane/air flames, followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses.Besides diameter reduction, three localized damage mechanisms were discerned in the presence of impurities, which were quantified by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Severe pitting was ascribed to catalytic oxidation mainly caused by alkali and alkaline earth metals. After an initial period where catalytic reactions between impurities and the carbon surface dominate, the flame stoichiometry governed the CF gasification process, with lean flames being much more aggressive than rich ones.A second mechanism, channeling, was caused by mobile metallic impurities. Some impurities showed an opposite effect, lowering reactivity and thus preventing further catalysis. Amorphous damage with a skin-peeling effect is believed to be the result of localized impurities at high concentrations and microstructural variations. Hindrance or synergistic effects between impurities are discussed. Finally, apparent axial pit growth rates were determined and compared with other carbonaceous materials, revealing a strong influence of impurities and the flame reactive atmosphere on CF oxidation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fiber damage evolution under flame attack and the role of impurities

et al. 2022

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Measurement of thermal conductivity of thermally reactive materials for use in pyrolysis models

DiDomizio,

McKinnon,

Bellamy

2024

Fire and Materials

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Pyrolysis models are used in the fire science field to simulate the thermal decomposition of materials. These models require knowledge of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of an assumed reaction mechanism, and the thermophysical properties of the virgin material and product species. Standard test methods exist for measuring the thermal conductivity of nonreactive materials, but to date no suitable method exists that is compatible with contemporary pyrolysis models and is applicable to thermally reactive materials. In the present study, a modified methodology was presented and evaluated to address this need. The methodology involves a preliminary assessment of thermal stability, followed by a series of tests including: thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and laser flash analysis. Once a reaction mechanism has been identified, gram‐scale samples of the virgin and stable product species are isolated and independent measurements of thermal conductivity of those species are obtained. The methodology was applied to eucalyptus fiber hardboard, for which a complete set of property data for pyrolysis modeling was obtained. A pyrolysis experiment was then conducted, and that experiment was simulated using a pyrolysis model parameterized with the measured property data. Model predictions of the mass loss rate and temperature rise of a hardboard sample exposed to radiant heat flux of 35 and 60 kW m−2 were found to be a good match to measurements. These results demonstrate the suitability of the property data, the pyrolysis model, and the utility of this approach. This work will serve as a basis for property determination in future pyrolysis studies.

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Safety and Accidents Involving Aircraft Manufactured from Polymer Composite Materials: A Review

Di Giorgio

2023

Aerotec. Missili Spaz.

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Multi-physics modeling of the ignition of polymer matrix composites exposed to fire

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Carbon fiber damage evolution under flame attack and the role of impurities

Carbon fiber damage evolution under flame attack and the role of impurities

Measurement of thermal conductivity of thermally reactive materials for use in pyrolysis models

Safety and Accidents Involving Aircraft Manufactured from Polymer Composite Materials: A Review

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