Multi-protocol bridge generation for M2M communication using MQTT

Abstract

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is known as a quasi-standard for IoT application communication between IoT devices and OPC UA (Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture) is the de facto standard that enables M2M communication in modern industry 4.0. But there are also industrial machines that still use RESTful (Representational State Transfer) APIs as their only communication interface. Integrating machines with these three protocols into automated manufacturing processes and enact a machine to machine communication between them can be challenging. This paper demonstrates how a M2M communication supporting HTTP, MQTT and OPC UA can be implemented using MQTT as the communication protocol. Furthermore, the goal is to create a model for each bridge that can be used to create interface mappings from MQTT to HTTP or from MQTT to OPC UA. This model can then easily be used to generate MQTT clients that bridge the different protocols and enable the M2M communication between machines to share their information.

Design and Research of M2M Message Transfer Mechanism of Looms for Information Transmission

“…The nonlinear activation function is used to achieve a nonlinear mapping of inputs to outputs. It has strong processing efficacy for nonlinear problems and is theoretically able to fit arbitrary functions [17].…”

“…Furthermore, a model is created for each bridge which is used to create interface mappings from MQTT to HTTP or from MQTT to OPC UA and which can be used to generate MQTT clients which connect different protocols and enable M2M communication between machines to share their information. [17] Yuyan Huang and Xinyuan Meng et al discussed the design and application effect of the loom information system based on the MQTT protocol. According to the current situation of informatization in the textile industry, a networking scheme of loom equipment based on the MQTT protocol is proposed.…”

Universal energy information model for industrial communication

“…In MQTT, no semantic standardization is specified and it is up to the developer which content is transferred in the payload. In order to take advantage of the standardized semantics of the OPC UA communication system, there is the approach of using a so-called MQTT to OPC UA bridge [15]. With an OPC UA bridge, subscribed MQTT messages can be mapped to the OPC UA address space.…”

“…If devices such as energy meters only have an MQTT interface, it is necessary to find a way to provide these EnMi in the UEIM format as well. For this problem the authors propose the approach [15] to realize an MQTT to OPC UA Bridge (see Section II.C). The implementation of the approach is shown in Fig.…”