“…Biological materials (nucleotides, proteins, lipid bilayers, and vesicles) and chemicals can be immobilized via surface anchoring, 129,130 and the functionalized chip surfaces can be used as nanoscale sensors for detection of molecules (e.g., bacteria, toxin, virus, protein, antibody, DNA, ligand, and lipid). [149][150][151] For example, PDMS-based microfluidic devices were functionalized via a series of SAMs comprising 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), N-y-maleimidobutyryloxy succinimide ester (GMBS), neutravidin, and biotinylated aEpCAM. 152 This novel surface functionalization has a great potential for the simple, sensitive and cost-effective detection of EpCAM-expressing cells such as CTCs.…”