“…From the above analyses, it can be found that with the optimal PDC, when d −2 k,l ≥ 1/4σ 2 ϑ * k (ϑ * k has to be determined), no power will be allocated to the lth symbol of the kth user, which implies that, unlike the equal BER PDC, which always consumes more power to compensate for higher noise power 6 for achieving the same SNR, the optimal PDC allocates no power to those symbols whose noise power is equal to or higher than a certain level (1/4σ 2 ϑ * k ), while allocating more power for other "better" symbols, to ensure more reliable transmissions. Also, for those symbols whose noise power is less than a certain level (1/4σ 2 ϑ * k ), then from (32), under a chosen ϑ * k , since a 2 * k,l is monotonically increasing with d −2 k,l , more power will be allocated to the symbols with higher noise power to ensure the reliability of earlier detected symbols.…”