Multi-residue determination and ecological risk assessment of pesticides in the lakes of Rwanda

Houbraken, Michael; Habimana, Valens; Senaeve, David; Dávila, Edelbis López; Spanoghe, Pieter

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.127

Cited by 54 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In Sub-Saharan Africa, most of the studies focused on persistent pesticides such as organochlorines which are in many cases banned for agriculture use (Amdany et al., 2014; Chepchirchir et al., 2017; Teklu et al., 2016; Unyimadu et al., 2018; Yahaya et al., 2017). Only a few studies conducted in the past 10 years investigated currently used pesticides in agriculture and are found to be restricted in the following dimensions due to limited resources (Aneck-Hahn et al., 2018; Houbraken et al., 2017; Lehmann et al., 2018, 2017; Mekonen et al., 2016; Nesser et al., 2016; Otieno et al., 2010; Wooding et al., 2017): (i) temporal coverage (relying mostly on grab sampling); (ii) number of compounds studied (up to a maximum of 33 target compounds analyzed); and (iii) seasonality (sampling schemes fail to consider seasonal patterns). Passive sampling methods are one practical possibility to overcome some of these limitations (Moschet et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation of pesticide mixtures in rivers of three agricultural watersheds during a major drought in the Western Cape, South Africa

et al. 2020

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South Africa is the leading pesticide user in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the occurrence of pesticide mixtures in surface water and potential environmental risks in Africa.This study investigated the occurrence of pesticides mixtures in three watersheds during a drought year in South Africa. The study was conducted in the Krom River, Berg River and Hex River watersheds within larger agriculture systems in the Western Cape. Pesticide spray records were collected from 38 farms. A total of 21 passive water samplers (styrenedivinylbenzene disks (SDB)) were deployed, each for two weeks per month, over seven sampling rounds during the main pesticide application period between July 2017 and January 2018. Samples were analyzed for 248 pesticide compounds using LC-HR-MS/MS. Pesticide occurrence was analyzed for temporal agreement with pesticide spraying events (Cohen’s κ) and correlation with rainfall patterns and river discharge (Pearson correlation (rp)). Pesticide time-weighted average concentrations were estimated and compared to environmental quality standards (EQS). According to the farm spray records, 96 different pesticides were sprayed during the sampling period and differed considerably between the three study areas, seasons and crops grown. In total, 53 compounds were detected in river water. We detected 39% of compounds from the spraying records and demonstrated close temporal correlations of seasonal patterns for 11 pesticide compounds between reported on spraying records and observations in the streams (κ = 0.90). However, 23 detected pesticides were not found on spray records, many of them being herbicides. Most of the estimated two-week average pesticide concentrations were below 40 ng/L. The insecticides imidacloprid, thiacloprid, chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid and the herbicide terbuthylazine exceeded at least once their EQS 58-fold (EQS 13 ng/L), 12-fold (EQS 10 ng/L), 9-fold (EQS 0.46 ng/L), 5-fold (EQS 24 ng/L) and 3-fold (EQS 220 ng/L), respectively. Our study substantially widens the view on pesticide pollution in surface water compared to previous studies in Sub-Saharan Africa by targeting more than 200 pesticides using passive sampling systems. This broad assessment revealed the presence of 53 compounds, some of them in high concentrations, indicating possible adverse effects on biota and the quality of the ecosystem. Whether the observed concentration levels in the year 2017 were exceptional due to the lowest ever recorded rainfall and river discharge needs to be tested with additional data to better understand how pesticide pollution levels manifest under average rainfall and river discharge conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation of pesticide mixtures in rivers of three agricultural watersheds during a major drought in the Western Cape, South Africa

et al. 2020

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“…Improper use of pesticides in the Kivu region has been linked to high levels of residues by persistent organic pollutants such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in tilapia fish from Lake Tanganyika [18]. It has also been associated with severe reductions in populations of beneficial insects such as pollinator bees and parasitoids [19], contamination of surface water in Lake Kivu with malathion, metalaxyl and carbendazim [20], human diseases, and suicide [14,21]. Pesticide residues have been reported in breast milk, crops, water and body fluids in Australia, Ghana and Tanzania [22,23,24], fruits, and vegetables in Ghana [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Use Practices in Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops by Smallholder Farmers in Rwanda and Burundi

Okonya

Petsakos

Suárez

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Misuse and poor handling of chemical pesticides in agriculture is hazardous to the health of farmers, consumers, and to the environment. We studied the pest and disease management practices and the type of pesticides used in four root, tuber, and banana (RTB) crops in Rwanda and Burundi through in-depth interviews with a total of 811 smallholder farmers. No chemical pesticides were used in banana in either Rwanda and Burundi, whereas the use of insecticides and fungicides in potato was quite frequent. Nearly all insecticides and about one third of the fungicides used are moderately hazardous. Personal protective equipment was used by less than a half of the interviewed farmers in both countries. Reported cases of death due to self- or accidental-poisoning among humans and domestic animals in the previous 12 months were substantial in both countries. Training of farmers and agrochemical retailers in safe use of pesticide and handling and, use of integrated pest management approaches to reduce pest and disease damage is recommended.

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“…Malathion (diethyl (dimethoxythiophosphorylthio) succinate or S-1,2-bis (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl O, O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) is one of the most widely used organophosphate pesticides worldwide (Singh and Roy, 2017), as an acaricide and insecticide, it is commonly applied to stored fruit, vegetable and grain crops (Climent et al, 2019). When ingested or inhaled, it quickly passes into the bloodstream, interfering with the nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase, whose function is to inactivate the acetylcholine neurotransmitter in synapses (Bavcon et al, 2003;Wu et al, 2011;Houbraken et al, 2017). Likewise, malathion has been found in the children's nutritional diet of Japan by 4% (Kawahara et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous concentrations are significantly higher than the minimum levels known (6.7 × 10 −3 ng g −1 ), which negatively affects benthic organisms ( Fisher et al., 1993 ). In surface waters they have found malathion doses of 0.193 μg·L −1 and 25 ng/g, which represents a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems, especially fish, invertebrates and algae ( Köck-Schulmeyer et al., 2013 ; Houbraken et al., 2017 ; Picó et al., 2018 ; Triassi et al., 2019 ). Additionally, it has been found in some amphibian tissues at doses of 0.68 ppm and in soils of 13.06 ppm, affecting the amphibian's liver metabolomics ( Climent et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of malathion's toxic effect on Lens culinaris Medik cell cycle

Mercado

Caleño

2020

Heliyon

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The present study aimed to determine the toxic effect of malathion pesticide on root growth, cell division and the chromosomal abnormalities frequency using the L. culinaris test. Initially, the lentil seeds were subjected to different doses of malathion (0.0 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mgL-1) and during 24, 48, and 72 h, the root length was measured. Subsequently, at 72h, the mitotic index, mitotic inhibition, and cellular abnormalities were calculated for all treatments. According to the obtained results, it was visualized that the root growth was inversely proportional to the concentration of malathion at all times of exposure. After 72h of exposure, the lowest values of the mitotic index and inhibition were presented at malathion concentrations 20, 25 and 30 mgL-1. Additionally, micronuclei cell abnormalities, metaphase sticky chromosomes, split chromosomes, nuclear lesions, irregular anaphase, anaphase bridges, binucleated cells, absence of nucleus and telophase bridge were observed. Finally, Malathion induced mitodepressive and cytotoxic effects in the meristematic cells of the L. culinaris root tip. A high frequency of abnormality was found in the micronuclei, which represented an indicator of a high degree of toxicity at the cellular level.

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Multi-residue determination and ecological risk assessment of pesticides in the lakes of Rwanda

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

Temporal variation of pesticide mixtures in rivers of three agricultural watersheds during a major drought in the Western Cape, South Africa

Temporal variation of pesticide mixtures in rivers of three agricultural watersheds during a major drought in the Western Cape, South Africa

Pesticide Use Practices in Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops by Smallholder Farmers in Rwanda and Burundi

Determination of malathion's toxic effect on Lens culinaris Medik cell cycle

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