Multi-scale characterization of swine femoral cortical bone

Feng, Liang; Jasiuk, Iwona

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.011

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…occuring only at very high age in specific organs, since it is known from imaging techniques, such as computerized quantitative contact microradiography [Boivin and Meunier, 2002], quantitative backscattered electron imaging [Roschger et al, 2003], Raman microscopy [Akkus et al, 2003], and Synchroton Micro Computer Tomography [Bossy et al, 2004], that the chemical composition of adult bone matrix (when averaged over a millimeter-sized domain) remains, for a long time, constant throughout specific organs, and in particular with age [Hellmich et al, 2008]. During this time span, measured mechanical properties of the extracellular bone matrix, such as indentation modulus and hardness, appear also as time-invariant [Weaver, 1966;Hoffler et al, 2000;Wolfram et al, 2010;Rho et al, 2002;Burket et al, 2011], while such mechanical properties increase during animal (or human) growth [Feng and Jasiuk, 2011;Weaver, 1966]. It is interesting to discuss the mineral-organics concentration relation of Figure 1 from the viewpoint of cell biology: During growth, the mineral-to-organic mass apposition ratio in extracellular bone tissue is a constant Rabbit bones (BAPN−treated) [Lees et al (1994)] Rabbit bones (Fluoride−treated) [Lees et al (1994)] Rabbit bones (Cortisol−treated) [Lees et al (1994)] Bilinear relation of Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

Vuong

Hellmich

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Data from bone drying, demineralization, and deorganification tests, collected over a time span of more than eighty years, evidence a myriad of different chemical compositions of different bone materials. However, careful analysis of the data, as to extract the chemical concentrations of hydroxyapatite, of water, and of organic material (mainly collagen) in the extracellular bone matrix, reveals an astonishing fact: it appears that there exists a unique bilinear relationship between organic concentration and mineral concentration, across different species, organs, and age groups, from early childhood to OLD AGE: During organ growth, the mineral concentration increases linearly with the organic concentration (which increases during fibrillogenesis), while from adulthood on, further increase of the mineral concentration is accompanied by a decrease in organic concentration. These relationships imply unique mass density-concentration laws for fibrillogenesis and mineralization, which -in combination with micromechanical models -deliver 'universal' mass density-elasticity relationships in extracellular bone matrix -valid across different species, organs, and ages. They turn out as quantitative reflections of the well-instrumented interplay of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and their precursors, controlling, in a fine-tuned fashion, the chemical genesis and continuous transformation of the extracellular bone matrix. Considerations of the aformentioned rules may strongly affect the potential success of tissue engineering strategies, in particular when translating, via micromechanics, the aformentioned growth and mineralization characteristics into tissue-specific elastic properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

Vuong

Hellmich

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…This hierarchical structure has different scales or levels, specific interactions between these levels and a highly complex architecture in order to fulfil bone biological and mechanical functions (Barkaoui and Hambli, 2011;Sergey, 2010). Katz et al and Feng et al (Katz et al,1987;Feng et al, 2010) divide the hierarchical structure into five levels that have been widely accepted in the scientific community: (i) a Nano structural level (ranging from a few nanometres to several hundred nanometres) -bone at this level can be considered as a multi-phase nano-composite material consisting of an organic phase (32 -44% of bone volume), an inorganic phase (33 -43% of bone volume), and water (15 -25% of bone volume); (ii) a Sub-micro-structural level, also called a single lamella level (spanning from one to a few microns); (iii) a Microstructural level (from tens to hundreds of microns), or a single osteon and an interstitial lamella level; (iv) a Meso-structural level (from several hundred microns to several millimetres), or the cortical bone level; and finally, (v) a Macro-structural level, or whole bone level (several millimetres to several centimetres, depending on the species).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of material and structural factors on fracture behaviour of mineralised collagen microfibril using finite element simulation

Barkaoui¹,

Hambli²,

Tavares³

2014

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Bone is a multiscale heterogeneous material and its principal function is to support the body structure and to resist mechanical loads without fracturing. Numerical modelling of biocomposites at different length scales provides an improved understanding of the mechanical behaviour of structures such as bone, and also guides the development of multiscale mechanical models. Here, a three-dimensional nano-scale model of mineralized collagen microfibril based on the finite element method was employed to investigate the effect of material and structural factors on the mechanical equivalent of fracture properties.

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“…However, only a few 5/44 studies have performed mechanical tests of a single trabecula because the mechanical tests of such small specimens are challenging, as reviewed by Carretta et al (2013a) and Lucchinetti et al (2000). Furthermore, the nanostructural effects on the mechanical properties of a single trabecula have not been investigated and elucidated, although various studies have been conducted on multiscale mechanical characterization in the cortical bone (e.g., Barkaoui et al, 2014;Tadano and Giri, 2011;Feng and Jasiuk, 2011;Gibson et al, 2006;Hoc et al, 2006). Therefore, the present study focused on the mechanical properties of a single trabecula and on the nanostructural effects on its properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure and elastic modulus of single trabecula in bovine cancellous bone

Yamada

Tadano

Fukuda

2014

Journal of Biomechanics

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We aimed to investigate the elastic modulus of trabeculae using tensile tests and assess the effects of nanostructure at the hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystal scale on the elastic modulus. In the experiments, 18 trabeculae that were at least 3 mm in length in the proximal epiphysis of three adult bovine femurs were used. Tensile tests were conducted using a small tensile testing device coupled with microscopy under air-dried condition. The c-axis orientation of HAp crystals and the degree of orientation were measured by X-ray diffraction. To observe the deformation behavior of HAp crystals under tensile loading, the same tensile tests were conducted in X-ray diffraction measurements. The mineral content of specimens was evaluated using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The elastic modulus of a single trabecula varied from 4.5 to 23.6 GPa, and the average was 11.5 ± 5.0 GPa. The c-axis of HAp crystals was aligned with the trabecular axis and the crystals were lineally deformed under tensile loading. The ratio of the HAp crystal strain to the tissue strain (strain ratio) had a significant correlation with the elastic modulus (r = 0.79; P < 0.001). However, the mineral content and the degree of orientation did not vary widely and did not correlate with the elastic modulus in this study. It suggests that the strain ratio may represent the nanostructure of 3/44 a single trabecula and would determine the elastic modulus as well as mineral content and orientation. (236 words)

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Multi-scale characterization of swine femoral cortical bone

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

Bone fibrillogenesis and mineralization: Quantitative analysis and implications for tissue elasticity

Effect of material and structural factors on fracture behaviour of mineralised collagen microfibril using finite element simulation

Nanostructure and elastic modulus of single trabecula in bovine cancellous bone

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