Multi-scale effects in the consolidation of thermoplastic laminates

Grouve, Wouter Johannes Bernardus; Akkerman, Remko

doi:10.1007/s12289-009-0611-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Blends of PEEK/PEI have been studied due to their high miscibility, which can offer a chance to balance their properties, minimizing their respective drawbacks [1,2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Applications in membranes and welding processes [14][15][16], as well as in the aerospace industry, where good mechanical properties at high temperatures are required [17], has increased the interest in PEEK/PEI blends. Several studies have demonstrated the high miscibility of both polymers in all blend compositions due to the identification of a single glass transition [2,5,10,12,17], which varied nearly as predicted by the Fox equation [5,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of PEEK/PEI Multilayer Composites

et al. 2020

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/polyetherimide (PEI) blends (50/50, v/v) keeping the crystal phase of PEEK have been manufactured by alternate PEEK/PEI layer stacking. This strategy avoided the complete miscibility of both polymers, keeping layers of PEEK and PEI unmixed along the sample thickness, as well as promoting the formation of a smooth interfacial layer where PEEK and PEI were mixed. The properties of this interface after processing at molten state and different times was studied by DSC, DMA, and X-Ray synchrotron. These techniques allowed monitoring the evolution of glass transition, where isolated Tg’s for both pristine polymers were observed even after long processing time. PEEK crystallinity slightly decreased during manufacturing, whereas PEEK crystal parameters did not vary. These observations show that, although the interface—the zone where both polymers are mixed—grew, layers with pristine polymers remained even after prolonged processing time. The preservation of the PEEK crystallinity was also observed in the mechanical properties of the multilayer PEEK/PEI films, which were compared with pristine PEEK and PEI films. Multilayer samples processed for shorter times rendered higher young modulus, tensile strength, and strain at break.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of PEEK/PEI Multilayer Composites

et al. 2020

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“…The pressure drives the thermoplastic resin to infiltrate into the compliant fabric while simultaneously deforming it, altering the infiltration kinetics [ 28 ]. This parameter plays counteracting roles to determine the resin impregnation in the fibrous medium.…”

Section: Impregnation Methods From Molten Polymer Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Production Processes for Thermoplastic Composite Materials: Sustainability versus Mechanical Properties and Processes Parameter

2023

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Up to now, fiber-reinforced composites with thermoplastic matrix have seen limited fields of use in the structural scope due to their high viscosity in the molten state, which results in poor impregnability of the reinforcement, leading to mechanical properties of the finished product that are not comparable to those of thermosets. Although the latter still dominate the various sectors of automotive, aerospace, transportation and construction, new applications involving the production of thermoplastic composites are growing rapidly, offering new approaches to the solution of this problem. The aim of this work is to study and evaluate the state of the art on the manufacturing processes of thermoplastic matrix composite, analyzing the parameters that come into play and that most influence the process and material performance. The advantages of film stacking and powder impregnation techniques are contrasted by the versatility of hybrid fabrics and, at the same time, parameters such as pressure and temperature must be carefully considered. A description of different thermoplastic composite processes such as powder impregnation, film stacking molding, hybrid woven fabric, hybrid yarn and products follows, which represent the current possibilities to move from a thermosetting matrix composite to a thermoplastic one, upon which the concept of sustainability is based. This article wants to present an overview of research that has been done in manufacturing thermoplastic reinforced composites and will serve as a baseline and aid for further research and development efforts.

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“…Press forming is a method where the fabrication of the CFRTP sheets by impregnation and the forming are separated. CFRTP sheets to be press formed are fabricated by methods such as film stacking or double belt press to impregnate the resin into the reinforcing fibres [6][7][8]. The CFRTP sheets fabricated are preheated above the melting temperature, and then they are press formed and cooled using the die.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Mechanical Strength of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheets in Press Forming

Tatsuno

Yoneyama

Kawamoto

et al. 2017

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of the cooling rate of the carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) sheets on the mechanical property in the press forming within 1 min cycle time. In order to pay attention only to the compression stage after the deformation stage in press forming, a flat sheet of dimensions 200 mm × 100 mm × 3 mm was produced. It was fabricated by stacking 15 CFRTP sheets of 0.2 mm-thick plain woven fabric impregnated with PA6, preheating them to 280 °C and pressing them at 5 MPa using a die cooled from near the melting temperature of PA6 with various cooling rates. Cooling rate of-26 °C/s with pressure holding time (defined in this study as the period that the pressure sensor detects high pressure) of 7 s and that of-4.4 °C/s with pressure holding time of 18 s gave a flexural strength of 536 MPa and 733 MPa, respectively. It was found that the cooling rate during pressure holding is related to the mechanical property of press-formed CFRTP part.

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Multi-scale effects in the consolidation of thermoplastic laminates

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of PEEK/PEI Multilayer Composites

Fabrication and Characterization of PEEK/PEI Multilayer Composites

Different Production Processes for Thermoplastic Composite Materials: Sustainability versus Mechanical Properties and Processes Parameter

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Mechanical Strength of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheets in Press Forming

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