Multi-scale Measurements of Mesospheric Aerosols and Electrons During the MAXIDUSTY Campaign

Antonsen, Tarjei; Havnes, O.; Spicher, Andres

doi:10.5194/amt-2018-291

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…Most rocket observations and model calculations suggest that dust particles are probably negatively charged (Rapp et al, 2012;Baumann et al, 2013). In the absence of direct observations, we use the charging probability based on model calculations Antonsen (2019) and combine this with the dust number densities given by the WACCM-CARMA model. The charging probabilities are shown in Figure A2 in the Appendix.…”

Section: Dust Density Profiles From Waccm-carmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Meteoric Smoke Particles on the Incoherent Scatter Measured with EISCAT VH

Gunnarsdottir,

Mann,

Feng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Meteoric ablation in the Earth’s atmosphere produces particles of nanometer-size and larger. These particles can become charged and influence the charge balance in the D-region (60–90 km) and the incoherent scatter observed with radar from there. Radar studies have shown that if enough dust particles are charged, they can influence the received radar spectrum below 100 km, provided the electron density is sufficiently high (>109 m3). Here, we study an observation made with the EISCAT VHF radar on 9 January 2014 during strong particle precipitation so that incoherent scatter was observed down to almost 60 km altitude. We found that the measured spectra were too narrow in comparison to the calculated spectra. Adjusting the collision frequency provided a better fit in the frequency range ± 10–30 Hz. However, this did not lead to the best fit in all cases, especially not for the central part of the spectra in the narrow frequency range of ± 10 Hz. By including a negatively charged dust component, we obtained a better fit for spectra observed at altitudes 75–85 km, indicating that dust influences the incoherent scatter spectrum at D-region altitudes. The observations at lower altitudes were limited by the small amount of free electrons, and observations at higher altitudes were limited by the height resolution of the observation. Inferred dust number densities range from a few particles up to 104 cm−3 and average sizes range from approximately 0.6 to 1 nm. We find an acceptable agreement with the dust profiles calculated with the WACCM-CARMA model. However, these do not include charging, which is also based on models.

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Section: Dust Density Profiles From Waccm-carmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Meteoric Smoke Particles on the Incoherent Scatter Measured with EISCAT VH

Gunnarsdottir,

Mann,

Feng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A comparison of contact charging and impact ionization in low-velocity impacts: implications for dust detection in space

et al. 2021

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Abstract. We investigate the generation of charge due to collision between projectiles with sizes below ∼1 µm and metal surfaces at speeds ∼0.1 to 10 km s−1. This corresponds to speeds above the elastic limit and well below speeds where volume ionization can occur. Impact charge production at these low to intermediate speeds has traditionally been described by invoking the theory of shock wave ionization. By looking at the thermodynamics of the low-velocity solution of shock wave ionization, we find that such a mechanism alone is not sufficient to account for the recorded charge production in a number of scenarios in the laboratory and in space. We propose a model of capacitive contact charging that involves no direct ionization, in which we allow for projectile fragmentation upon impact. Furthermore, we show that this model describes measurements of metal–metal impacts in the laboratory well. We also address contact charging in the context of ice-on-metal collisions and apply our results to rocket observations of mesospheric dust. In general, we find that contact charging dominates at speeds of up to a few kilometres per second and complements shock wave ionization up to speeds where direct ionization can take place. The conditions that we consider can be applied to dust particles naturally occurring in space and in Earth's upper atmosphere and their direct impacts on rockets, spacecraft, and impacts of secondary ejecta.

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Multi-scale Measurements of Mesospheric Aerosols and Electrons During the MAXIDUSTY Campaign

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Meteoric Smoke Particles on the Incoherent Scatter Measured with EISCAT VH

Influence of Meteoric Smoke Particles on the Incoherent Scatter Measured with EISCAT VH

A comparison of contact charging and impact ionization in low-velocity impacts: implications for dust detection in space

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