“…Such evolution has been underpinned both by remarkable developments in experimental multiscale characterization of materials [3,4,5,6], which make now experimentally accessible even complex phenomena at the smallest scales, and by the rapid technological progress and consequent increased affordability and availability of high performance computing [7], which has allowed the inclusion of a broader range of morphological and constitutive features in the materials model representation, making it possible to simulate complex, interacting nonlinear phenomena, e.g. damage and cracking [8,9]. Nowadays, the convergence of multiscale experimental materials characterization, computational multiscale materials modelling and advanced manufacturing technologies, e.g.…”