“…In this section, a total of 15 different CNN backbone models with different structures are utilized for classification, including five deep models (VGG16 [22], VGG19 [22], ResNet50 [23], InceptionV3 [24,25], DenseNet121 [26], Xception [27,28]) and nine lightweight models (SqueezeNet [29], ShuffleNet [30], NasNet_Mobile [31], MobileNet [30], NobileNetv2 [32], MobileNetv3_Small [33], MobileNetv3_Large [34], EfficientNetB0 [35], EfficientNetB3 [35]). All CNN models in this paper are trained using pre-trained weights to speed up the training process.…”