Multi-seasonal effects of warming and elevated CO₂ on the physiology, growth and production of mature, field grown, Shiraz grapevines

Abstract

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Industry concerns in Australia about the impacts of climate change have, to date, focused on the effects of warming, particularly shorter maturation periods. The effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on C<sub>3</sub> plant physiology have been extensively studied and suggest that eCO<sub>2 </sub>impacts on viticulture could affect grapevine shoot growth, fruit production and fruit composition. We previously used open top chambers (OTC) with an active heating system to study the effects of elevated air temperature (eTemp) on mature grapevines in the field. This system was augmented with the ability to elevate atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>and established in a mature Shiraz vineyard in a factorial combination of eTemp and eCO<sub>2</sub>. Three seasons of observations on the eTemp only treatment corroborated our previous study; all aspects of phenology were advanced, but leaf function was largely unaffected. In contrast, the effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> on phenology were small in the first season, but increased over the subsequent two seasons. Interactive effects of the treatments on gas exchange were observed; photosynthesis rates were significantly higher in the eCO<sub>2</sub>+eTemp treatment, compared to eCO<sub>2</sub> alone, suggesting that the likely future climate will have a larger impact on viticulture than might be predicted from experiments examining only one of these factors.</p>

Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration

“…A similar effect has been seen in other studies (Wang et al ., ). In contrast, in studies where A net is not reduced by warming, either because the species thermally acclimates or the degree of warming imposed is small, elevated CO 2 stimulates A net in the combined CO 2 and temperature treatments (Teskey, ; Lewis et al ., , ; Ghannoum et al ., ; Edwards et al ., ; Lamba et al ., ). So while high CO 2 may stimulate A net across a wide range of temperatures, plants may still have decreased carbon uptake compared to current growth conditions.…”

Effects of climate change and crop management on changes in rice phenology in China from 1981 to 2010

“…Previous research has proved that the rising CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere affects rates of photosynthesis in C3 plants, which in turn influences the physiology, growth and production of crops. [44][45][46] However, it is challenging to incorporate the CO 2 impact estimates into the statistical model in our study. The spatial variation of CO 2 is so slight that it is difficult to match the agrometeorological stations.…”

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on the Vineyard System of Vitis vinifera: A Review

“…Heat, elevated carbon dioxide, and limited water availability are necessary for cultivating quality grapes, however, studies on their interactive effects indicate these will have a negative synergistic impact on grapevine (Lobell et al 2006, Edwards et al 2017, Galat Giorgi et al 2019. The varietyspecific responses to these environmental conditions introduces further variability to any study of grapevine response to future climate (Wohlfahrt et al 2017), while variability in viticultural production is often viewed as undesirable.…”