With the continuous development of modern society and the continuous improvement of science and technology, precision science and technology put forward more and more high requirements for sensors, in the field of distance sensors, such as industrial manufacturing and aerospace, improve the accuracy of sensors and sensing efficiency has become the direction of scientific and technological development. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of distance sensors in social applications, while introducing the basic principles of mainstream sensors such as infrared sensors, laser sensors and ultrasonic sensors. The application of multiple laser distance sensors in real 3D space and the physical models of multi-sensor data fusion, such as triangulated laser method and WSN, are described, and the mathematical fusion models are categorized and synthesized. Finally, the fusion experiment of Kalman mathematical model in real multi-sensor distance measurement is presented to verify the fusion effect of Kalman filter. to achieve a deeper and better understanding of distance sensors and sensing disciplines.