Multi-Sensor Radiometric Study to Detect Pathologies in Historical Buildings

Abstract

ABSTRACT:This paper presents a comparative study with different remote sensing technologies to recognize pathologies in façades of historical buildings. Building materials deteriorate over the years due to different extrinsic and intrinsic agents, so assessing these diseases in a non-invasive way is crucial to help preserve them. Most of these buildings are extremely valuable and some of them have been declared monuments of cultural interest. In this way through close range remote sensing techniques, it is possible to study material pathologies in a rigorous way and in a short duration field campaign.For the investigation two different acquisition systems were applied, active and passive methods. The terrestrial laser scanner FARO Focus 3D was used as active sensor, working at the wavelength of 905 nm. For the case of passive sensors, a Nikon D-5000 and a 6-bands Mini-MCA multispectral camera (530-801 nm) were applied covering visible and near infrared spectral range. This analysis allows assessing the sensor, or sensors combination, suitability for pathologies detection, addressing the limitations according to the spatial and spectral resolution. Moreover, the pathology detection by unsupervised classification methods is addressed in order to evaluate the automation capability of this process.

Terrestrial Laser Scanner and Fast Characterization of Superficial Lesions in Architectural Diagnosis

“…In addition, stone degradation processes are a large research area in the field of construction pathology, and it is possible to find numerous and varied investigations that goes from the assessment of degradation processes (Gisbert Aguilar et al, 2018) to new applications of photogrammetry for the evaluation of restoration techniques (López-Martínez et al, 2018), among many others. Moreover, both terrestrial laser scanner and photogrammetry are used for the assessment of the state of conservation of a building and the detection of pathological processes (Sidiropoulos et al, 2017), (Del Pozo et al, 2015), (Sánchez-Aparicio et al, 2015).…”

Photogrammetric, Geometrical, and Numerical Strategies to Evaluate Initial and Current Conditions in Historical Constructions: A Test Case in the Church of San Lorenzo (Zamora, Spain)

“…The great diversity of approaches today, along with their flexibility, place image-based procedures as a suitable solution for the analysis of constructions [3,9,12], materials [13,14], and pathologies [8].…”

“…For the present case study, this cracking is modelled considering the residual transversal stiffness (shear strength) through Equation (8). Concerning the normal stiffness, only a contribution in compression was considered, dismissing any contribution to the tensile regime according to Equation (9) ( Table 8).…”

“…It is in the field of built constructions where remote sensors and especially photogrammetric and laser scanner systems have proven great worth for their analysis [3,[8][9][10]. These sensors are able to provide accurate and dense geometric and radiometric values with which to assess these buildings, as well as obtaining the data through non-intrusive means.…”

Multispectral Radiometric Analysis of Façades to Detect Pathologies from Active and Passive Remote Sensing

“…These methods include hard and soft classifiers, parametric and non-parametric methods and supervised and unsupervised techniques [13]. There are several works related to the application of these techniques to the identification of damage on building surfaces [14][15][16][17][18].…”