Multi-site validation of shipping noise maps using field measurements

Putland, Rosalyn L.; Jong, Christ A. F. de; Binnerts, Bas; Farcas, Adrian; Merchant, Nathan D.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113733

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Shipping noise maps have now been produced for much of the Baltic (Folegot et al, 2016), the Northeast Atlantic (Folegot et al, 2015;Soares et al, 2015;Sertlek et al, 2019;Farcas et al, 2020;Putland et al, 2022), and parts of the Mediterranean (Folegot et al, 2015;Skarsoulis et al, 2017). While few published shipping noise maps of European waters have been validated with field measurements (e.g.…”

Section: Continuous Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While few published shipping noise maps of European waters have been validated with field measurements (e.g. Farcas et al, 2020;Putland et al, 2022), ongoing field monitoring work within joint monitoring programmes (see Section 3.2) is expected to yield further validated maps at regional scale.…”

Section: Continuous Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Thus far, regional monitoring has relied on the modelling of shipping noise based on AIS data (Folegot et al, 2016;Skarsoulis et al, 2017;Farcas et al, 2020;Putland et al, 2022), but it is known that non-AIS vessels may contribute significantly to underwater noise levels in some localised areas (Hermannsen et al, 2019), and other continuous noise sources such as dredging, drilling, and renewable energy installations have generally not been included. These noise sources may account for some of the discrepancy between AIS-based models and field measurements (Putland et al, 2022).…”

Section: Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Merchant¹,

Putland²,

André³

et al. 2022

Ocean & Coastal Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Continuous Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Continuous Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Merchant¹,

Putland²,

André³

et al. 2022

Ocean & Coastal Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This includes cetaceans (Nowacek et al, 2007;Dyndo et al, 2015;Wisniewska et al, 2018), and many species of fish and invertebrates (Simpson et al, 2016;Mickle and Higgs, 2018;Murchy et al, 2019). Alongside this, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the radiated noise levels from commercial and other vessels: both to investigate the noise produced by specific vessels (Arveson and Vendittis, 2000;McKenna et al, 2012;Li et al, 2018) and also to measure and monitor noise levels from shipping in a particular area (Farcas et al, 2020;Lalander et al, 2021;Putland et al, 2022). Despite much of the focus in recent years being on the impact of large commercial vessels, recent evidence has suggested that small vessels could be contributing more to the overall soundscape than previously acknowledged, particularly in shallow coastal waters (Erbe et al, 2016;Hermannsen et al, 2019;Cope et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater radiated noise from small vessels in shallow water: propagation modelling and experimental measurements

Smith¹,

Kourounioti²

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Underwater noise is a growing problem in many of the world's oceans and waterways, with a large body of research now showing the detrimental impact this has on marine life. Noise in shallow coastal waters is a particular problem because the concentration of both marine life and human activity is often much higher. Furthermore, noise attenuates more slowly in shallow water, and so its impact is greater. For naval operations, this can increase the detection distance of a vessel, which places more onerous requirements on the designer to reduce the levels of radiated noise, and potentially degrades the operability of the vessel when operating in shallow littoral waters. In this work, the impact of small vessels on the levels of underwater noise in a shallow water environment is considered. Acoustic recordings are obtained using a hydrophone and the data are analysed to determine the sound levels and frequency content from different vessels. The noise levels recorded are found to greatly exceed those caused by environmental factors and occur primarily over the frequency range 63 ≤ f ≤ 500 Hz, unless propeller singing or cavitation are present, in which case excess noise levels can occur for frequencies up to 20 kHz. Over a 25-minute period, the mean overall sound pressure level is found to be in excess of 90 dB, which is attributed to only a small number of boats operating in the test area. To provide more insight into noise propagation in shallow water, numerical modelling is carried out by numerically solving the acoustic wave equation in the time domain, which allows for phenomena such as reflection, absorption, and wave interactions to be captured. Propagation of sound from a source located at the sea surface is computed for deep and shallow water, with two different seabed materials also being considered. The propagation pattern in shallow water is shown to be more complex than for deep water, with the reflection/absorption properties of the seabed playing an important role along with the depth.

show abstract

“…Noise pollution, considered as one of the four primary kinds of environmental pollution issues besides solid waste, water, and air pollution, not only endangers human health but also destroys the ecological system [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Notably, underwater noise pollution has increasingly become one of the most severe ecological problems and has received extensive attention around the globe over the past several decades, owing to the expansion of modern maritime industries and sea transportation [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Specifically speaking, underwater noise radiated by large ships induces physiological variation in marine organisms, which could even lead to their tissue damage and death [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Solution for Dynamic Mechanical Parameter Influence on Underwater Sound Absorption of Polyurethane-Based Composite

Yin

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Underwater noise pollution, mainly emitted by shipping and ocean infrastructure development of human activities, has produced severe environmental impacts on marine species and seabed habitats. In recent years, a polyurethane-based (PU-based) composite with excellent damping performance has been increasingly utilized as underwater sound absorption material by attaching it to equipment surfaces. As one of the key parameters of damping materials, dynamic mechanical parameters are of vital importance to evaluating the viscoelastic damping property and thus influencing the sound absorption performance. Nevertheless, lots of researchers have not checked thoroughly the relationship and the mechanism of the material dynamic mechanical parameters and its sound absorption performance. In this work, a finite element model was fabricated and verified effectively using acoustic pulse tube tests to investigate the aforementioned issues. The influence of the dynamic mechanical parameters on underwater sound absorption performance was systematically studied with the frequency domain to reveal the mechanism and the relationship between damping properties and the sound absorption of the PU-based composite. The results indicate that the internal friction of the molecular segments and the structure stiffness were the two main contributors of the PU-based composite’s consumption of sound energy, and the sound absorption peak and the sound absorption coefficient could be clearly changed by adjusting the dynamic mechanical parameters of the composite. This study will provide helpful guidance to develop the fabrication and engineering applications of the PU-based composite with outstanding underwater sound absorption performance.

show abstract

Multi-site validation of shipping noise maps using field measurements

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Underwater radiated noise from small vessels in shallow water: propagation modelling and experimental measurements

Finite Element Solution for Dynamic Mechanical Parameter Influence on Underwater Sound Absorption of Polyurethane-Based Composite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About