Multi-Species Stand Classification: Definition and Perspectives

Gonçalves, Ana Cristina

doi:10.5772/67662

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The diameter at breast height, total height and four crown radii (north, south, east and west) as well as recorded the species, for all with diameter at breast height ≥5 cm. The classification of the plots as pure or mixed was done using the four criteria classification [46] and as even-aged or multiaged using the diameter distributions with 2.5 cm classes [29,31,32,[34][35][36]. Above-ground biomass was calculated per species and per tree with the allometric functions at the tree level ( Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pure stands each absolute density measure results frequently in one value per stand. Conversely, in mixed and multiaged stands, evaluation should also be done per species and per height layer, respectively [46].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species richness is lower in pure than in mixed plots [46,56,59]. Pure plots have one (55%), two (37%) or three or more species (8%).…”

Section: Forest Biomass and Carbonmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effects of Forest Stand Structure in Biomass and Carbon

Gonçalves¹

2018

Forest Biomass and Carbon

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Biomass has been gaining an increased interest due to its importance in sustainable forest management and in carbon sequestration. Biomass in each forest stand varies according to its structure and influences not only the biomass per area unit but also its distribution in space and time. The structure analysis with absolute stand density measures and structure and diversity measures and indices for the number of trees and basal area does not always reflect the above-ground biomass distribution and variability. The use of above-ground biomass as an absolute density measure and the development of diversity measures and indices derived from it enable further details in the stand structure characterisation. The results of this study highlighted the differences between pure even-aged, pure multiaged, mixed even-aged and mixed multiaged structures. The measures and indices of above-ground biomass are considered primordial as they integrate the horizontal and the vertical distribution, thus enabling a more detailed evaluation of biomass and carbon stocks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Forest Stand Structure in Biomass and Carbon

Gonçalves¹

2018

Forest Biomass and Carbon

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“…For the second inventory, carried out in the adjacent Eahagen nature reserve during the same period, the location of the plots' center was flexible, to find plots dominated by a single tree species within homogenous stands [31,32]. The overall number of field surveyed plots was 105 and the 62 plots with at least 80% of growing stock belonging to a single species were selected for this study [33]. The training data consisted of 115 visually interpreted plots from aerial photos, acquired between 2017 and 2018, on the same area using the forest management plan to extract ancillary data (species, growing stock) aiming for similar proportions of each species [34,35].…”

Section: Field Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Forest Type and Tree Species Classification Using Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR Data in Southern Sweden

2021

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The multitemporal acquisition of images from the Sentinel-1 satellites allows continuous monitoring of a forest. This study focuses on the use of multitemporal C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to assess the results for forest type (FTY), between coniferous and deciduous forest, and tree species (SPP) classification. We also investigated the temporal stability through the use of backscatter from multiple seasons and years of acquisition. SAR acquisitions were pre-processed, histogram-matched, smoothed, and temperature-corrected. The normalized average backscatter was extracted for interpreted plots and used to train Random Forest models. The classification results were then validated with field plots. A principal component analysis was tested to reduce the dimensionality of the explanatory variables, which generally improved the results. Overall, the FTY classifications were promising, with higher accuracies (OA of 0.94 and K = 0.86) than the SPP classification (OA of 0.66 and K = 0.54). The use of merely winter images (OA = 0.89) reached, on average, results that were almost as good as those using of images from the entire year. The use of images from a single winter season reached a similar result (OA = 0.87). We conclude that multiple Sentinel-1 images acquired in winter conditions are feasible to classify forest types in a hemi-boreal Swedish forest.

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“…Holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia), cork oak (Quercus suber), and umbrella pine (Pinus pinea) are three of the most representative species in agroforestry systems in the Mediterranean basin [1,2]. Their stands have usually low density, open heterogeneous canopies and as main production bark for cork oak and fruit for all [3][4][5]. They also have other productions, such as agricultural crops, pasture and extensive grazing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute Density Measures Estimation Functions with Very High Resolution Satellite Images

Gonçalves¹,

Sousa²

2018

Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning

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Assessment and monitoring of forest structure is frequently done with absolute density measures with field forest inventory data and expansion methods. The development of basal area and the number of trees estimation functions with data derived from very high spatial resolution satellite images enable their short-term and cost-effective evaluation, allowing also the estimation for the area not requiring extrapolation methods. The functions of basal area and the number of trees per hectare are based on crown cover obtained with very high spatial resolution satellite images for two evergreen oaks and umbrella pine. The three tree species are especially important in the agroforestry systems of the Mediterranean region. The linear functions fitted for pure stands of the three species and mixed stands of cork and holm oak and of cork oak and umbrella pine showed a better performance for basal area than for the number of trees per hectare. The inclusion of dummy variables for species composition improved the accuracy of the functions.

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Multi-Species Stand Classification: Definition and Perspectives

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Effects of Forest Stand Structure in Biomass and Carbon

Effects of Forest Stand Structure in Biomass and Carbon

Assessing Forest Type and Tree Species Classification Using Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR Data in Southern Sweden

Absolute Density Measures Estimation Functions with Very High Resolution Satellite Images

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