Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing and radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation for heavy-oil production

Temperature Field in a Material Containing Asphalt-Resin-Paraffin Substances in a Microwave Electromagnetic Field

“…The features of propagation of such a wave within a waveguide with electrical losses and phase transitions of the media filling the waveguide are not presented in the literature. The studies of the electromagnetic fields application intended for solving oil and gas production problems have been evolving in recent years in the trends highlighted in the papers [15][16][17][18][19][20]. A numerical study of the paraffin plugs heating and melting process in the oil pipelines equipment via microwave electromagnetic radiation generated by a super-high-frequency electromagnetic wave of the H11 type is simulated and conducted in this paper.…”

Free Space Optics Vs Radio Frequency Wireless Communication

“…It can be further extended to different frequency range for micro wave co mmunicat ion. At the initial phase radio frequency communicat ion was just limited to the lo wer frequency band for the data transmission and was used for the purpose of radio and some military applicat ions [7]. But with the passage of time the frequency range extended and increased into hundreds of Giga hertz due to the requirement of higher data rate and noise immun ity in the field.…”