Multi-Stage Introduction of Precious and Critical Metals in Pyrite: A Case Study from the Konos Hill and Pagoni Rachi Porphyry/Epithermal Prospects, NE Greece

Mavrogonatos, Constantinos; Voudouris, Panagiotis; Zaccarini, Federica; Klemme, Stephan; Berndt, Jasper; Tarantola, Αlexandre; Melfos, Vasilios; Spry, Paul G.

doi:10.3390/min10090784

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Fig.12), making these rocks less plausible candidates for significant sources of metals for the Chalukou deposit.Metal signature of the fluidTrace elements in pyrite. Our results show that the trace element concentrations in pyrite vary widely, underscoring the complexity of the ore-forming fluids(Cook et al 2013;Mavrogonatos et al 2020). The Mo contents of Py-I (6.9 ± 3.8 ppm) and Py-II (5 ± 128 ppm) are higher than those of Py-III (0.05 ± 5.7 ppm).…”

supporting

confidence: 49%

Trace element and isotopic (S, Pb) constraints on the formation of the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, NE China

Zhao

Zhai

Williams‐Jones

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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Porphyry type Mo deposits have supplied most of the Mo to the world. However, the source of the Mo and the controls on its enrichment in such deposits is still a matter of great debate. In this study, we present in situ trace element and isotopic data for a giant porphyry Mo deposit (the Chalukou Mo deposit in NE China) and use these data to address these issues. Three primary paragenetic stages of mineralization were recognized at Chalukou: (I) K-feldspar + quartz + minor pyrite (Py-I) + minor molybdenite (Mol-I); (II) quartz + sericite + molybdenite (Mol-II) + pyrite (Py-II); (III) quartz + chlorite + epidote + fluorite + pyrite (Py-III) + galena + sphalerite + minor chalcopyrite. The bulk of the molybdenite was deposited in Stage II. In situ S isotope analyses of the sulfide ores show that the δ 34 S values vary from -5.2 to +7.8‰ (mean = +2.9‰), and correspond to δ 34 S H2S values from -2.4 to +3.3‰ (mean = +1.1‰). These values are consistent with a magmatic source for the sulfur. In situ Pb isotope compositions of the sulfide ores are almost identical to those of the local Mesozoic granites and other magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits in this region, suggesting a close genetic association between the Mo mineralization and felsic magmatism.Pyrite from the three stages of mineralization differs significantly in its trace element composition. The first generation, Py-I, has a high Cu content (8.7 ± 49.6 ppm; where the first value is the median and the second is the standard deviation) and Mo content (6.9 ± 3.8 ppm). Pyrite-II has the lowest Cu concentration (1.3 ± 2.1 ppm) and a relatively high Mo concentration (5 ± 128 ppm), and Py-III has a high Cu This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America.The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

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confidence: 49%

Trace element and isotopic (S, Pb) constraints on the formation of the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, NE China

Zhao

Zhai

Williams‐Jones

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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“…The earliest generation of pyrite (Py1) has relatively high concentrations of Co and Ni, and low Cu, Zn, Ag, Sb, and Tl (Figure 7), similar to the Xincheng pyrite [18]. Co-and Ni-rich pyrite grains are widely reported in the early stages of hydrothermal systems with relatively high-temperature conditions [26,[29][30][31]78,79]. Major factors favoring the enrichment of Co and Ni relative to other metals in pyrite in hydrothermal systems include high fluid temperatures [80][81][82] and/or special host rock composition (e.g., mafic to ultramafic lithology or metasedimentary; [83,84]).…”

Section: Fluid Evolution Recorded By Pyrite Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Considering the relative late sequence (decreased temperature) of polymetallic-style mineralization in hydrothermal gold systems, rare Au deposition at high-temperature conditions, and a geochemical affinity of As for low density and low salinity fluids [27,86,87], the diagrams of Cu/Ni vs. Au/Co [78,88] and As/Ni vs. Au/Co potentially reflect the progressive evolution involving the decreasing temperature conditions (likely caused by external cool fluid ingress [89]) in a magmatic hydrothermal system (Figure 11). The diagrams are consistent with the pyrite geochemistry and the changes of fluid conditions in the Sizhuang gold deposit, supporting the dominant controls of temperature on the entry of Co and Ni into early pyrite in the Sizhuang and other Jiaodong-type gold deposits (e.g., Xincheng, China). )…”

Section: Fluid Evolution Recorded By Pyrite Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Pyrite Compositions at the Sizhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Implications for the Genesis of Jiaodong-Type Orogenic Gold Mineralization

et al. 2021

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Gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula represent a primary gold resource in China and mostly exhibit similar ore-forming features related to sericite-quartz-pyrite alteration and other controls from (micro-)structural deformation. This study investigates the pyrite textures and trace elements in the Sizhuang gold deposit (>100 t Au) to document the key factors impacting on the genesis of the Jiaodong-type orogenic deposits. Three main types of pyrite are identified: (1) the first generation of pyrite (Py1) occurs as disseminated euhedral to subhedral grains in K-feldspar-albite-rutile-hematite and sericite alteration (stage 1), (2) Py2 as aggregates in quartz-sericite-pyrite altered rocks or quartz-pyrite veins (stage 2) can be subdivided into Py2a as irregular cores, Py2b as a zoned overgrowth on Py2a, and Py2c as overgrowth on early pyrite, and (3) Py3 as fine-grained crystals in siderite-polymetallic veins (stage 3). Primary gold at the Sizhuang deposit is coevally or slightly later deposited with Py2b, Py2c, and Py3. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) analyses show that the highest Co and Ni contents in Py1 and high but variable Co in Py2b favors the involvement of deep high-temperature magmatic waters at stage 1 and middle stage 2. The elevated As contents from Py2a to Py2c and depletion of trace elements (e.g., Co, Ni, As and Te) and high Au/Co, Cu/Ni, and As/Ni values in Py2a and Py3, combined with published H-O isotope data, imply a meteoric water ingress during stage 2–3. Thus, the fluid evolution at Sizhuang is a consequence of pulsed deep magmatic fluid release plus progressive meteoric fluid ingress. The rhythmic Co–As–Ni–Au bands of Py2b additionally suggest episodic changes in the composition of ore-forming fluids. Moreover, the sharp textural features (e.g., pyrite overgrowth on previously cataclastic crystals) of Py2 and As-Cu-rich and Co-poor bands in zoned Py2b probably also reflect rapid metal deposition and self-organization and subsequent mineral crystal growth due to the pressure release during phase separation in the Sizhuang deposit. Considering the significantly concentrated gold (>1300 t) in the regional Jiaojia fault zone and Au-bearing mineral formation related to phase separation (boiling) in the Sizhuang deposit, gold mineralization in the Sizhuang deposit was interpreted to be controlled by the pressure-driver owing to the seismic activities in the Jiaojia fault system.

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“…Pyrite and chalcopyrite can be associated with significant amounts or rare metals incorporated as nano-scale mineral inclusions or as nanoparticles [13,14,[18][19][20][21][22]24]. These inclusions can be formed due to exsolution from the pyrite or chalcopyrite matrix, as well as through precipitation from the hydrothermal fluid into the growing mineral [14,24].…”

Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Pyrite and Chalcopyrite And Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare and Critical Metals in Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Magnetite, and Titanite from the Vathi Porphyry Cu-Au±Mo Deposit, Northern Greece

et al. 2021

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The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au±Mo deposit is located in the Kilkis ore district, northern Greece. Hydrothermally altered and mineralized samples of latite and quartz monzonite are enriched with numerous rare and critical metals. The present study focuses on the bulk geochemistry and the mineral chemistry of pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and titanite. Pyrite and chalcopyrite are the most abundant ore minerals at Vathi and are related to potassic, propylitic, and sericitic hydrothermal alterations (A- and D-veins), as well as to the late-stage epithermal overprint (E-veins). Magnetite and titanite are found mainly in M-type veins and as disseminations in the potassic-calcic alteration of quartz monzonite. Disseminated magnetite is also present in the potassic alteration in latite, which is overprinted by sericitic alteration. Scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of pyrite and chalcopyrite reveal the presence of pyrrhotite, galena, and Bi-telluride inclusions in pyrite and enrichments of Ag, Co, Sb, Se, and Ti. Chalcopyrite hosts bornite, sphalerite, galena, and Bi-sulfosalt inclusions and is enriched with Ag, In, and Ti. Inclusions of wittichenite, tetradymite, and cuprobismutite reflect enrichments of Te and Bi in the mineralizing fluids. Native gold is related to A- and D-type veins and is found as nano-inclusions in pyrite. Titanite inclusions characterize magnetite, whereas titanite is a major host of Ce, Gd, La, Nd, Sm, Th, and W.

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Multi-Stage Introduction of Precious and Critical Metals in Pyrite: A Case Study from the Konos Hill and Pagoni Rachi Porphyry/Epithermal Prospects, NE Greece

Cited by 10 publications

References 77 publications

Trace element and isotopic (S, Pb) constraints on the formation of the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, NE China

Trace element and isotopic (S, Pb) constraints on the formation of the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, NE China

Evolution of Pyrite Compositions at the Sizhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Implications for the Genesis of Jiaodong-Type Orogenic Gold Mineralization

Rare and Critical Metals in Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Magnetite, and Titanite from the Vathi Porphyry Cu-Au±Mo Deposit, Northern Greece

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