Multi-Stroke Lightning Interaction with Wiring Harness: Experimental Tests and Modelling

Filik, K.; Hajder, Sebastian; Maslowski, Grzegorz

doi:10.3390/en14082106

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Lightning carries various threats, such as mechanical and thermal damages, as well as the destruction of electrical and electronic devices as a result of direct and indirect lightning overvoltage [12,13]. Direct lightning to a small flying object is unlikely.…”

Section: Lightning Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When simulating indirect lightning effects, components B and C are often not considered because they do not cause significant overvoltages in avionics systems. The waveforms (WF) adopted for physical simulations of indirect effects approximate, to some extent, most of the phenomena observed in the aircraft installation [13,23]. For example, the WF1 current waveform 6.4/69 µs simulates the current induction effect occurring in closed wire loops as a result of penetrating deep into the airframe of the lightning magnetic field.…”

Section: Lightning Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Drone Electronic Systems to a Standardized Lightning Pulse

Szczupak

Kossowski

2021

Energies

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This paper presents the results of experimental tests of the impulse response of selected, essential components of a drone. A standardized lightning pulse that is often used during immunity tests of electronic devices in the aviation industry was applied. A single-stroke voltage impulse generator, MIG0618SS, was capable of producing the desired pulses. The input voltage was injected into selected electronic circuits of the drone system and pulses were observed in different parts of the machine. This allowed us to build a model based on the transmittance of the circuits most exposed to lightning overvoltages. The conducted tests were supported by impedance measurements carried out with an LCR-8110G meter. The obtained results made possible the development of a preliminary drone simulation model, allowing us to determine the size of the disturbances arising in individual circuits during nearby lightning. A discussion of the influence of close lightning discharges on expected induced overvoltages in a drone electronics system is also conducted in the paper.

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Section: Lightning Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lightning Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Drone Electronic Systems to a Standardized Lightning Pulse

Szczupak

Kossowski

2021

Energies

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“…The article [1] analyses transient states in the overvoltages of two-wire cable lines caused by lightning. The cable line was modelled based on first-order long line partial differential equations without regard to cable resistance and conductance and introduced equivalent quantities of these parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modelling of Transient Processes in a Three Phase Electric Power System for a Single Phase Short-Circuit

et al. 2022

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Field approaches are employed to develop a mathematical model of a power network section. The facility consists of two electric power subsystems described with ordinary differential equations and presented as concentrated parameter systems connected with a three-phase power supply line, presented as a distributed parameter system. The model of the electric power line is described with partial differential equations. Mathematically, the supply line model is described utilizing a mixed problem with explicitly indefinite boundary conditions. All electromagnetic state equations of the integrated system are introduced in their matrix-vector forms. The equation of the three-phase long supply line is expressed untraditionally as a system of two first-order differential equations as a function of long line voltage. Since the power supply line is part of the integrated system that includes two subsystems, the boundary conditions at the line's start and end are implicitly defined, avoiding the traditional application of the Dirichlet first-type boundary condition. An expanded system of ordinary differential equations that describe physical processes in both the supply and loading subsystems is used to calculate the boundary conditions. To this end, third-type boundary conditions, or Poincaré's conditions, serve to describe the wave equation of the electric power line. Such an integrated model of an electric power system helps analyse transient processes across the supply line when the electric power system is switched on and is single-phase short-circuited at the final point of the electric power line. A comparison of computer simulation results with well-known software packages shows a convergence of approx. 96%.

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“…Lightning acts on a composite mainly through the electrical current. There are two Energies 2021, 14, 7899 2 of 13 main types of lightning current components [18][19][20][21][22][23] that can damage this material. The first, a stroke-type lightning current, having peak values of several tens of kiloampers and rising times of less than microsecond, is responsible mainly for electrical and mechanical effects of lighting [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing of Conductive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Current Impulses Simulating Lightning Effects

et al. 2021

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are lightweight and an increasingly used material with good mechanical properties. In the aviation industry, they are also required to have specific electrical properties that guarantee resistance to the direct and indirect lightning effects. The paper is focused on the description of a test stand and development of a method used to determine the electrical characteristics of conductive CFRP laminate samples with the use of high current impulses of lightning nature. Samples of three laminates (square format with side 30 × 30 cm) with a different composition were tested on the constructed stand, confirming the possibility of characterizing this type of laminate sample in terms of electrical conductivity and resistance to the effects of lightning current. It was possible to observe the impulse current flow (with a peak value up to 15 kA and a rise time above 6 µs) from the high voltage electrode placed in the center of the sample in all directions towards the edge. The optical fiber measuring system was used to record the voltage and current time waveforms. The energy stored in the impulse current generator was sufficient to simulate the mechanical damage, such as burnout and delamination, that accompanies the direct lightning strike to structural elements made of CFRP. The influence of the matrix composition used for laminate fabrication on the test results describing the electrical properties of the tested CFRP samples was noted. The experimental setup allows the testing of specimens with a maximum width and length of 50 × 50 cm and any thickness with a peak current of up to 50 kA.

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Multi-Stroke Lightning Interaction with Wiring Harness: Experimental Tests and Modelling

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Response of Drone Electronic Systems to a Standardized Lightning Pulse

Response of Drone Electronic Systems to a Standardized Lightning Pulse

Mathematical Modelling of Transient Processes in a Three Phase Electric Power System for a Single Phase Short-Circuit

Testing of Conductive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Current Impulses Simulating Lightning Effects

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