“…In orthodontics, they can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment planning, cephalometric points marking, anatomic analyses, assessment of growth and development, and the evaluation of treatment outcomes [ 33 , 34 , 36 , 39 , 40 ]. In dental surgery, neural networks may be helpful in orthognathic surgery planning, prediction of post-extraction complications, bone lesion detection, and differentiation and implantological treatment planning [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Furthermore, artificial intelligence is spreading into periodontology and in the above-mentioned studies, it was used to evaluate the periodontal bone loss, peri-implant bone loss, and to predict the development of periodontitis due to the psychological features [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”