Multi-temporal RapidEye Tasselled Cap data for land cover classification

Raab, Christoph; Tonn, Bettina; Meißner, Marcus; Balkenhol, Niko; Isselstein, J.

doi:10.1080/22797254.2019.1701560

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…230 km 2 ) is not fenced, public entrance is not allowed. GTA is mainly covered by forest (40%) and open habitats (30%), which are to some extent managed by mowing or mulching (Raab et al 2019). Other parts of the open areas remain without mechanical management but might occasionally burn or be otherwise disturbed by military activities.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats

et al. 2022

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Eutrophication through atmospheric nutrient deposition is threatening the biodiversity of semi-natural habitats characterized by low nutrient availability. Accordingly, local management measures aiming at open habitat conservation need to maintain habitat-specific nutrient conditions despite atmospheric inputs. Grazing by wild herbivores, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), has been proposed as an alternative to mechanical or livestock-based measures for preserving open habitats. The role of red deer for nutrient dynamics in protected open habitat types, however, is yet unclear. Therefore, we collected data on vegetation productivity, forage removal, quantity of red deer dung and nutrient concentrations in vegetation and dung from permanent plots in heathlands and grasslands (eight plots à 225 m2 per habitat type) on a military training area inhabited by a large population of free-ranging red deer over one year. The annual nutrient export of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by red deer grazing was higher than the nutrient import through red deer excreta, resulting in an average net nutrient removal of 14 and 30 kg N ha−1 a−1 and 1.1 and 3.3 kg P ha−1 a−1 in heathlands and grasslands, respectively. Even when considering approximate local atmospheric deposition values, net nutrient depletion due to red deer grazing seemed very likely, notably in grasslands. Demonstrating that grazing by wild red deer can mitigate the effects of atmospheric nutrient deposition in semi-natural open habitats similarly to extensive livestock grazing, our results support the idea that red deer are suitable grazing animals for open habitat conservation.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats

et al. 2022

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“…We studied vegetation responses to the exclusion of wild red deer in the US Army Garrison Grafenwöhr Training Area (GTA) in Bavaria, Germany (49°40′56″ N, 11°47′20″ E; Appendix S1). GTA covers ~230 km 2 , composed of 60% forest and 40% open land (Raab et al, 2019). Long-time (1981Long-time ( -2010 annual averages of temperature and precipitation are 8.3 ± 0.04°C and 701 ± 4 mm (mean ± SE of four weather stations of the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) in close proximity to GTA; Appendix S2).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing by wild red deer maintains characteristic vegetation of semi‐natural open habitats: Evidence from a three‐year exclusion experiment

Riesch

Tonn

Stroh

et al. 2020

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…Location of GTA within Germany is shown in the top-right inset. We derived land cover classification from a 5 × 5-m spatial resolution RapidEye remote sensing time series (Raab et al 2019).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assessed the following variables: hourly displacements as distances between consecutive locations taken about 60 minutes apart and the land cover type (forest vs. open) at relocations. Forest included the following land cover classes of a raster dataset derived from a 5 × 5-m spatial resolution RapidEye remote sensing time series (Raab et al 2019): broad-leafed forest, coniferous forest, and transitional woodland-shrub. Open cover types consisted of managed grassland, unmanaged grassland, moors, and heathland.…”

Section: Habitat Selection and Hourly Displacement Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used linear mixed models for maximum net displacement (log-transformed, continuous variable) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) for the probability of leaving the home range (binomial variable) and the number of locations outside of the home range (count variable with negative binomial distribution) in the lme4 package (Bates et al 2015). We included the following explanatory variables: 1) position in relation to hunted area at 0800 hours on the hunting day (i.e., at the start of the hunt, as a factor with 2 levels: inside the boundaries of the hunted area or outside them); 2) distance to the forest edge at the start of the hunt (based on Raab et al [2019],…”

Section: Maximum Net Displacement and Home Range Departuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red deer responses to drive hunts are related to habitat and landscape characteristics

Bojarska,

Gerber,

Herzog

et al. 2024

J Wildl Manag

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Hunting triggers behavioral responses in wildlife that may have important consequences for conservation and wildlife management. We studied movement and habitat selection in 51 global positioning system‐collared red deer (Cervus elaphus) in response to 63 large‐scale (x̄ = 18.8 km2) drive hunts conducted in 2015‐2022 on a military training area in southern Germany. The drive hunts were characterized by a low density of beaters and dogs to avoid rapid and long‐distance displacement of red deer. We determined if red deer spatial responses to drive hunts differed in various forest covers, between sexes, and in relation to the individual position prior to the hunt. On the hunting days, red deer increased their hourly displacement rates and shifted their preference for forest versus open habitats from early morning to late morning hours. Individuals initially located within the boundaries of the hunted areas exhibited longer maximum net displacements, had a greater probability of leaving their home ranges, and spent longer times outside of their home ranges than individuals outside the hunted areas. All these parameters were greater in the more forested site than in the less forested site. Males displayed shorter net displacements than females. Red deer moved away (i.e., fled) from their initial positions for variable periods, either only during the hunt or until the next day. The probability of prolonged flight was greater in the more forested site and more likely if the individuals were deeper in the forest in the less forested site. The prolonged flight behavior was desired from the hunters' perspective because red deer displaying this type of response were less likely to leave the hunted area during the hunt. Prolonged flight was associated with greater costs for the red deer, such as greater movement distances after the hunt and longer times outside of home ranges. Wildlife managers should consider that drive hunts may cause prolonged behavioral responses in game that occur both inside and outside the hunted areas. These responses depend on habitat characteristics and may be stronger in more forested landscapes.

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Multi-temporal RapidEye Tasselled Cap data for land cover classification

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats

Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats

Grazing by wild red deer maintains characteristic vegetation of semi‐natural open habitats: Evidence from a three‐year exclusion experiment

Red deer responses to drive hunts are related to habitat and landscape characteristics

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