“…Since the DR during peak load periods and the real-time energy management of 5G BSs are optimization problems on different timescales, the participation of 5G BSs in the DR includes two stages, that is, DR planning and online energy optimization. As shown in Figure 2, we utilize a multitimescale model (Yu et al, 2021) to divide the peak load period into T time slots, that is, small timescale, with length τ, the set of which is defined as T {1, ..., t, ..., T}. Consecutive T 0 time slots are combined into a time interval, that is, large timescale, the set of which is defined as M {1, ..., m, ..., M}.…”