Multi-tissue transcriptomic study reveals the main role of liver in the chicken adaptive response to a switch in dietary energy source through the transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis

Abstract

BackgroundBecause the cost of cereals is unstable and represents a large part of production charges for meat-type chicken, there is an urge to formulate alternative diets from more cost-effective feedstuff. We have recently shown that meat-type chicken source is prone to adapt to dietary starch substitution with fat and fiber. The aim of this study was to better understand the molecular mechanisms of this adaptation to changes in dietary energy sources through the fine characterization of transcriptomic changes occurring in three major metabolic tissues – liver, adipose tissue and muscle – as well as in circulating blood cells.ResultsWe revealed the fine-tuned regulation of many hepatic genes encoding key enzymes driving glycogenesis and de novo fatty acid synthesis pathways and of some genes participating in oxidation. Among the genes expressed upon consumption of a high-fat, high-fiber diet, we highlighted CPT1A, which encodes a key enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Conversely, the repression of lipogenic genes by the high-fat diet was clearly associated with the down-regulation of SREBF1 transcripts but was not associated with the transcript regulation of MLXIPL and NR1H3, which are both transcription factors. This result suggests a pivotal role for SREBF1 in lipogenesis regulation in response to a decrease in dietary starch and an increase in dietary PUFA. Other prospective regulators of de novo hepatic lipogenesis were suggested, such as PPARD, JUN, TADA2A and KAT2B, the last two genes belonging to the lysine acetyl transferase (KAT) complex family regulating histone and non-histone protein acetylation. Hepatic glycogenic genes were also down-regulated in chickens fed a high-fat, high-fiber diet compared to those in chickens fed a starch-based diet. No significant dietary-associated variations in gene expression profiles was observed in the other studied tissues, suggesting that the liver mainly contributed to the adaptation of birds to changes in energy source and nutrients in their diets, at least at the transcriptional level. Moreover, we showed that PUFA deposition observed in the different tissues may not rely on transcriptional changes.ConclusionWe showed the major role of the liver, at the gene expression level, in the adaptive response of chicken to dietary starch substitution with fat and fiber.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4520-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Isopulegol Ameliorates Dyslipidemia by Modulating Adipokine Secretion in High Fat Diet / Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Sterol regulatory element (SREBPs) transcription factor regulate the expression of lipogenic genes, such as fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, involved in lipid biosynthesis and uptake [19] . Studies have shown that increased expression of SREBP-1C accelerate TG accumulation in diabetic rats [20]. We observed an upregulation in the mRNA expression of SREBP-1C in the hepatic and adipose tissue of diabetic rats.…”

Intermittent fasting induces chronic changes in the hepatic gene expression of Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus)

“…While we have focused solely on the liver in this study, our expectation is that the liver represents the bulk of the transcriptomic changes experienced under nutritional challenges. It has been previously shown that different diets lead to changed expression patterns in the liver, but not in muscle or adipose tissue (14). Most of the genes whose expression levels were altered by different diet composition (high vs low fat) in that study appear in Clusters 3 and 4 in the current study, with only two appearing in Cluster 2 (CPT1A, LPIN1).…”

“…Birds fed according to the CR and IF feeding regimens showed similar growth rates, although IF-fed birds had a consistently higher feed intake as previously reported (13). It is well known that the liver is central to the primary metabolic response to dietary changes in chickens (14), and shows large fluctuations in mass, glycogen content and lipid content under IF conditions in both RJF (13) and broiler breeders (10,15). Concomitant with these overt physiological effects are large effects on hepatic transcription.…”

Dynamic accumulation of fatty acids in duck (Anas platyrhynchos) breast muscle and its correlations with gene expression

“…The expression of genes involved in lipogenesis is tightly controlled by tissue-specific transcription factors [46]. CEBPA is among the well-known transcription factors involved in lipogenesis and adipogenesis and its activation is usually followed by increased fat deposition [47,48].…”