Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce T lymphocyte apoptosis

Bottini, Massimo; Bruckner, Shane; Nika, Konstantina; Bottini, Nunzio; Bellucci, Stefano; Magrini, Andrea; Bergamaschi, Antonio; Mustelin, Tomas

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.020

Cited by 630 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

368

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A ARTICLE higher toxicity of oxidized, as compared to pristine, CNTs has been previously reported for both in vitro and in vivo models, 8,36,37 and it is usually ascribed to a better dispersion of the material in the medium and its consequent higher bioavailability. 8,36,37 Although we observed a similar size distribution of aggregates between pristine and oxidized SWCNTs, we cannot exclude that monodispersed SWCNTs were more abundant in oxidized SWCNTs. Apart from dispersion, the higher negative charge and hydrophilicity of oxidized CNTs, which is a consequence of the introduction of oxygenated functionalities, may also play a role.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…4 In addition, in comparison with other ENMs, intrinsic properties of CNTs might increase their toxicity; the fiber-like shape and low solubility might indeed account for their high biopersistence, 5 possibly exerting long-term adverse effects even after sporadic exposure. Furthermore, differences in the presence of contaminants retained during CNTs synthesis, 6,7 the deliberate introduction of chemical groups (functionalization), 8 the length, 9,10 or the presence of defects 11À13 may also influence their toxicity profile. 14 Although several in vivo and in vitro studies on the toxicity of CNTs have been performed in the past few years, 15,16 a comprehensive knowledge of their effects is still far from being obtained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low Doses of Pristine and Oxidized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Affect Mammalian Embryonic Development

Massimiani²,

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several in vitro and in vivo studies suggest local and systemic effects following\ud exposure to carbon nanotubes. No data are available, however, on their possible\ud embryotoxicity in mammals. In this study, we tested the effect of pristine and\ud oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on the development of the mouse\ud embryo. To this end, SWCNTs (from 10 ng to 30 μg/mouse) were administered to\ud female mice soon after implantation (postcoital day 5.5); 10 days later, animals \ud were sacrificed, and uteri, placentas, and fetuses examined. A high percentage of\ud early miscarriages and fetal malformations was observed in females exposed to\ud oxidized SWCNTs, while lower percentages were found in animals exposed to the\ud pristine material. The lowest effective dose was 100 ng/mouse. Extensive vascular\ud lesions and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected\ud in placentas of malformed but not of normally developed fetuses. Increased ROS\ud levels were likewise detected in malformed fetuses. No increased ROS production\ud or evident morphological alterations were observed in maternal tissues. No fetal \ud and placental abnormalities were ever observed in control animals. In parallel,\ud SWCNT embryotoxicity was evaluated using the embryonic stem cell test (EST), a\ud validated in vitro assay developed for predicting embryotoxicity of soluble\ud chemical compounds, but never applied in full to nanoparticles. The EST predicted\ud the in vivo data, identifying oxidized SWCNTs as the more toxic compound

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Doses of Pristine and Oxidized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Affect Mammalian Embryonic Development

Massimiani²,

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That is, disordered carbons are thought to yield a biological response that is similar to that of carbon black. Carbon black is usually used -12 -as a negative control and does not exhibit significant toxicity (Bottini et al, 2006). In our previous report, carbon black did not suppress U937 cell proliferation (Haniu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Proteomics-based safety evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Haniu

Matsuda

Takeuchi

et al. 2010

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…As was consistent with the micro-CT results, the histological data showed that ExCNFs and BMP increased callus size and caused the retention of an intricate trabecular network. Some reports have indicated that CNTs may be toxic [30][31][32] due to their fibrous structure, which resembles that of lung cancer-causing asbestos fibers. The safety of CNTs as a biomaterial has therefore been an issue of great concern.…”

Section: Effects Of Exfoliated Carbon Nanofibers In a Rat Femoral Framentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the Effects of Exfoliated Carbon Nanofibers by Bone Morphogenetic Protein in a Rat Femoral Fracture Model

Miyazaki

Toyoda

Yoshiiwa

et al. 2014

Journal Orthopaedic Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exfoliated carbon nanofibers (ExCNFs) are expected to serve as excellent scaffolds for promoting and guiding bone-tissue regeneration. We aimed to enhance the effects of ExCNFs with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and examine their feasibility and safety in clinical applications using a rat femoral fracture model. Group I (n ¼ 16) animals were implanted with control MedGEL. Group II (n ¼ 17) animals were implanted with MedGEL containing ExCNFs. Group III (n ¼ 15) animals were implanted with MedGEL containing 1 mg rhBMP-2. Group IV (n ¼ 15) animals were implanted with MedGEL containing 1 mg rhBMP-2 and ExCNFs. The rats were euthanized after 6 weeks, and their fractured femurs were explanted and assessed by manual palpation, radiographs, and highresolution microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT); the femurs were also subjected to biomechanical and histological analysis. The fusion rates in Group IV (73.3%) were considerably higher than those in Groups I (25. Keywords: exfoliated carbon nanofiber; bone morphogenetic protein; fracture healing; rat femoral fracture model; scaffold Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor b superfamily and are powerful osteoinductive molecules. The osteoinductive effects of recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) in surgical procedures such as fracture repair, healing of critical-size bone defects, and spinal fusion have been demonstrated in animal models and clinical trials; furthermore, rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 have been approved for clinical use. [1][2][3][4][5] Unfortunately, the results of clinical trials show that high doses of BMPs are required to induce adequate bone fusion, as the molecules are soluble and easily diffuse away from the fusion site, becoming inactivated in vivo. 6 In addition, the usefulness of BMPs is limited by their high costs. To address these problems, a number of strategies are being developed to generate safer, less expensive, and more efficacious spinal fusion using rhBMP. However, the efficient immobilization of BMPs onto carriers at low dosage while maintaining desirable in vivo regenerative action remains as a major challenge in bone regeneration research and practice. 7,8 The required rhBMP-2 level in humans, even for the FDA-approved collagen sponge-incorporated treatment, is much higher (over six orders of magnitude greater) than that used for in vitro cell level evaluation and in vivo animal studies. 7,9 Several ongoing investigations aim to develop a scaffold that functions as a delivery vehicle, providing cells with a more controlled and sustained release of bioactive molecules to maintain the local growth factor concentration within the therapeutic range.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received much attention because of their interesting properties, including their exceptional mechanical 10 and high electrical and thermal conductivity, 11 which facilitate their use as reinforcements or additives in materials such as plastics, metals, and ceramics to improve the properties of the materials and introduce nove...

show abstract

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce T lymphocyte apoptosis

Cited by 630 publications

References 9 publications

Low Doses of Pristine and Oxidized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Affect Mammalian Embryonic Development

Low Doses of Pristine and Oxidized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Affect Mammalian Embryonic Development

Proteomics-based safety evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Enhancement of the Effects of Exfoliated Carbon Nanofibers by Bone Morphogenetic Protein in a Rat Femoral Fracture Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About