Multi-Year N and P Removal of a 10-Year-Old Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treating Agricultural Drainage Waters

Abstract

Surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) can be effectively used to treat agricultural drainage waters, reducing N and P surface water pollution. In the Venice Lagoon drainage basin (northeastern Italy), an SFCW was monitored during 2007-2013 to assess its performance in reducing water, N, and P loads more than 10 years after its creation. Nitrogen concentrations showed peaks during winter due to intense leaching from surrounding fields. Phosphorus concentrations were higher after prolonged periods with no discharge, likely due to mobilization of P of the decomposing litter inside the basin. Over the entire period, N removal efficiency was 83% for NO 3 -N and 79% for total N; P removal efficiency was 48% for PO 4 -P and 67% for total P. Values were higher than in several other studies, likely due to the fluctuating hydroperiod that produced discontinuous and reduced outflows. Nitrogen outlet concentrations were reduced by the SFCW, and N removal ratios decreased with increasing hydraulic loading, while no strong correlations were found in the case of P. The SFCW was shown to be an effective long-term strategy to increase water storage and reduce N and P loads in the Venice Lagoon drainage basin.

Performance of a full scale constructed wetland as ecological practice for agricultural drainage water treatment in Northern Italy

“…It was reported that SFCWs can be an inexpensive and efficient nature-based solution for the reduction of non-point source pollution, especially for nitrogen and phosphorus (Tolomio et al 2019, Pugliese et al 2020, and they were used for that purpose in different countries (Song et al 2019). Nitrogen removal/retention in SFCWs mainly depends on the biological and physico-chemical mechanisms (e.g.…”