Multibody Models of the Thoracolumbar Spine: A Review on Applications, Limitations, and Challenges

Abstract

Numerical models of the musculoskeletal system as investigative tools are an integral part of biomechanical and clinical research. While finite element modeling is primarily suitable for the examination of deformation states and internal stresses in flexible bodies, multibody modeling is based on the assumption of rigid bodies, that are connected via joints and flexible elements. This simplification allows the consideration of biomechanical systems from a holistic perspective and thus takes into account multiple influencing factors of mechanical loads. Being the source of major health issues worldwide, the human spine is subject to a variety of studies using these models to investigate and understand healthy and pathological biomechanics of the upper body. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art literature on multibody models of the thoracolumbar spine and identify limitations and challenges related to current modeling approaches.

Clinical biomechanics of the spine in three unsolved problems. A brief analytical review

“…П и т а н н я щ о д о р о з р а х у н к у ф а к т и ч н о г о навантаження на МХ Д поперекового від ділу в статичному положенні та в динаміці, з урахуванням усіх чинників, що його визначають і впливають на нього, не вирішено. Спроби його розв'язання здійснюють постійно [50,53,68,78,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] 7]. У зв'язку із цим, максимальне вилучення поперекового згинання із фізичної активності вранці може зменшити маніфестацію болю в попереку [109,110].…”

Estimating Compressive and Shear Forces at L5-S1: Exploring the Effects of Load Weight, Asymmetry, and Height Using Optical and Inertial Motion Capture Systems

“…First, OMC-based estimates are prone to error from sources such as soft tissue artifacts [54]. Secondly, due to the complexity associated with the modeling and variability of the human body regarding force generation encompassing bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, joint torque estimates derived though inverse dynamics carry an inherent degree of uncertainty [12,55,56].…”

“…These simulations typically involve the creation of a computer-based model of the human body, including its bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles. Using equations of motion, principles of mechanics, and optimization methods, the model can predict the forces and moments acting on the musculoskeletal system during movement, providing insights into the loading experienced by different body tissues [ 12 ].…”

Advances in Biomechanics-Based Motion Analysis

“…Biomechanical motion analysis is generally based on two types of models: multibody models and finite element models (FEMs) [ 3 ]. A multibody model refers to a set of rigid bodies connected by joints; inverse dynamics are normally incorporated to calculate joint kinetics from the measurable kinematics of body segments [ 4 ].…”

“…A multibody model refers to a set of rigid bodies connected by joints; inverse dynamics are normally incorporated to calculate joint kinetics from the measurable kinematics of body segments [ 4 ]. In contrast, FEMs reconstruct internal strain, stress, or deformation in flexible bodies based on continuum mechanics theories [ 3 , 5 ]. These validated models have been instrumental in exploring the motion patterns in specific patients/athletes and examining the effects of specific interventions/treatments on motion patterns.…”