Multicast Virtual Private Network (MVPN): Using Bidirectional P-Tunnels

Abstract

A set of prior RFCs specify procedures for supporting multicast in BGP/MPLS IP VPNs. These procedures allow customer multicast data to travel across a service provider's backbone network through a set of multicast tunnels. The tunnels are advertised in certain BGP multicast auto-discovery routes, by means of a BGP attribute known as the "Provider Multicast Service Interface (PMSI) Tunnel" attribute. Encodings have been defined that allow the PMSI Tunnel attribute to identify bidirectional (multipoint-to-multipoint) multicast distribution trees. However, the prior RFCs do not provide all the necessary procedures for using bidirectional tunnels to support multicast VPNs. This document updates RFCs 6513, 6514, and 6625 by specifying those procedures. In particular, it specifies the procedures for assigning customer multicast flows (unidirectional or bidirectional) to specific bidirectional tunnels in the provider backbone, for advertising such assignments, and for determining which flows have been assigned to which tunnels.

Explicit Tracking with Wildcard Routes in Multicast VPN

“…There are other RFCs that update [RFC6625] and that modify the rules for finding a "match for reception". See, e.g., [RFC7582] and [RFC7900]. When applying those modified rules, it is REQUIRED to ignore any S-PMSI A-D route that has no PTA, or whose PTA specifies "no tunnel information present".…”

Combinatorics of nondeterministic walks of the Dyck and Motzkin type

“…N-Meander [19]; security and privacy: securing IP connections [18], establishing Virtual Private Networks [17], etc.). Moreover, tunnels can be nested to achieve several goals.…”

“…Typically, a tunnel is a subpath starting with an encapsulation and ending with the corresponding decapsulation. Tunnels are very useful for achieving several goals in networking (e.g., interoperability: connecting IPv6 networks across IPv4 ones [33]; security and privacy: securing IP connections [30], establishing Virtual Private Networks [29], etc.). Moreover, tunnels can be nested to achieve several goals.…”

A 3D dynamic model to assess the impacts of low-mode asymmetry, aneurysms and mix-induced radiative loss on capsule performance across inertial confinement fusion platforms

“…Finally, section 7 examines a modified ignition criterion that accounts for the increase in expansion PdV work due to the presence of 3D ρr perturbations and loss-of-confinement in thin regions of the shell. The modified criterion is based on requiring the first and second derivative of hotspot temperature to be positive at minimum volume [13], when the PdV work term in expansion starts to be a drain on the alpha heating. This can be evaluated analytically from the equations for hotspot heating at minimum volume and is equivalent to requiring a higher temperature (~5.5 keV) for NIF implosions.…”