Multicenter Standardized <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias

Mosconi, Lisa; Tsui, Wai; Herholz, Karl; Pupi, Alberto; Drzezga, Alexander; Lucignani, Giovanni; Reiman, Eric M.; Holthoff-Detto, Vjera; Kalbe, Elke; Sorbi, Sandro; Diehl‐Schmid, Janine; Perneczky, Robert; Clerici, Francesca; Caselli, Richard J.; Beuthien‐Baumann, Bettina; Kurz, Alexander; Minoshima, Shinsei; Leon, Mony J. de

doi:10.2967/jnumed.107.045385

Cited by 672 publications

(546 citation statements)

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“…Recent years have witnessed a substantial increase of the applications of nuclear imaging techniques, especially positron emission tomography (PET), in different fields of neurology, like neurodegenerative diseases (Brooks, 2008;Mosconi et al, 2008), epileptic disorders (Lee et al, 2009), and brain cancer (Chen and Silverman, 2008). Recently, quantitative PET imaging has been used as a metabolic biomarker to monitor disease progression and to assess the potentially protective effects of drugs (Schmidt et al, 2008;Whone et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [¹⁸F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies

Zanotti‐Fregonara

Fadaili

Maroy

et al. 2009

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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The aim of this study was to compare eight methods for the estimation of the image-derived input function (IDIF) in [ 18 F]-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) dynamic brain studies. The methods were tested on two digital phantoms and on four healthy volunteers. Image-derived input functions obtained with each method were compared with the reference input functions, that is, the activity in the carotid labels of the phantoms and arterial blood samples for the volunteers, in terms of visual inspection, areas under the curve, cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRglc), and individual rate constants. Blood-sample-free methods provided less reliable results as compared with those obtained using the methods that require the use of blood samples. For some of the bloodsample-free methods, CMRglc estimations considerably improved when the IDIF was calibrated with a single blood sample. Only one of the methods tested in this study, and only in phantom studies, allowed a reliable calculation of the individual rate constants. For the estimation of CMRglc values using an IDIF in [ 18 F]-FDG PET brain studies, a reliable absolute blood-sample-free procedure is not available yet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [¹⁸F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies

Zanotti‐Fregonara

Fadaili

Maroy

et al. 2009

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…[49][50][51] Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) demonstrates decreased occipital glucose metabolism, which is helpful in distinguishing among other neurodegenerative diseases, with one study showing 71% decrease in occipital metabolism without much asymmetry. 52 Other studies found temporo-parieto-occipital cortical hypometabolism as well as hypometabolism within the basal ganglia and pulvinar of the thalami. 53-55 99mTc-hexyamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging shows decreased uptake in the striatum in DLB patients compared with AD patients, but does not distinguish well among the other atypical parkinsonian disorders.…”

Section: Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Mayo

Bordelon

2014

Semin Neurol

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).Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an atypical parkinsonian disorder characterized as a synucleinopathy based on the cardinal pathologic finding, the Lewy body, a neuronal inclusion comprised of aggregated α-synuclein. Lewy bodies are found in brainstem nuclei in both Parkinson disease (PD) as well as in DLB, though in DLB there is a concomitant presence of Lewy bodies in the cortex and subcortical white matter. The cortical Lewy bodies may not demonstrate the classic structure of an eosinophilic core with surrounding halo; however, they contain α-synuclein. Clinically, DLB manifests with fluctuating alertness, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonian motor symptoms, and has features of both a cortical and a subcortical dementia. EpidemiologyDementia with Lewy bodies is the second most common pathologic diagnosis of dementia, next to Alzheimer disease (AD) and accounts for 25% of all dementias. 1 The prevalence of DLB is estimated to be 0.7% of the population over 65 years of age. 2 Given the challenge of clinical diagnostic accuracy in dementia, there is a wide variation in estimates of the prevalence among dementia patients, ranging from 3 to 26.3% in those over the age of 65 years. 3,4 The incidence of DLB is 3.5 per 100,000 person years and this increases with age. 5 There is a slightly greater male predominance of 1.9:1. 6 Risk factors of DLB include advanced age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and carriers of one or more APOE ε4 alleles. 7-9 As in PD, there is overrepresentation of the CYP2D6B allele, and a greater heterozygous frequency of glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) estimated at 3.5% versus 2.9% in Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and 0.4% in the general population. 10 A separate study also found a significant association between GBA1 mutation carrier status and DLB with an odds ratio of 8.28 versus 6.48 in PDD. 11 PathophysiologyDementia with Lewy bodies is considered a synucleinopathy, along with PD and multiple system atrophy (MSA). It is distinguished pathologically by the presence of Lewy bodies, which are intracellular inclusions with an eosinophilic core Keywords ► dementia with Lewy bodies ► Lewy body ► synucleinopathy ► dementia ► parkinsonism AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common diagnosis of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). The essential pathologic feature is the Lewy body, a neuronal inclusion containing α-synuclein, found in brainstem nuclei and the neocortex. Clinical features include early fluctuations in attention, hallucinations, and parkinsonism, with progression to a combined cortical and subcortical dementia. To distinguish it from Parkinson disease dementia, a time course of one year from cognitive changes to motor feature onset has been established. There is more severe impairment of verbal fluency, executive function, and visuospatial abilities in DLB patients. Both rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and neuroleptic sensitivity are notable in this patient group. Treatment is aimed at symptom management. Cholinesterase inhibitors can be bene...

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“…12,15 Esse padrão de hipometabolismo predominantemente frontal facilita o diagnóstico diferencial entre a DA e a DLFT, embora com algum grau de sobreposição, visto que as regiões frontais podem ser igualmente afetadas na DA, assim como o comprometimento do córtex temporoparietal associativo pode ocorrer na DLFT. 16,17 Na Doença de Parkinson também a taxa metabólica cerebral da glicose pode auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial. Foi observado hipometabolismo no estriado na síndrome parkinsoniana atípica, enquanto que na DP a taxa metabólica está normal ou elevada.…”

Section: Editorialunclassified

O uso da Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons (pet) no diagnóstico das doenças neurodegenerativas do idoso

Jeckel¹

2017

PAJAR

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A expectativa do crescimento dos casos de demência na população idosa leva à busca de formas de prevenção e de detecção precoce dos sintomas e sinais. O diagnóstico nos estágios iniciais da demência é bastante relevante, pois é quando os tratamentos farmacológicos existentes podem ser mais efetivos. Os pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) requerem uma atenção particular, pois este é considerado um estágio que muitas vezes antecede a demência. Estes pacientes apresentam um declínio cognitivo mais pronunciado do que o esperado para a idade, mas não severo o suficiente para preencher os critérios para o diagnóstico de demência.Diante destes casos, o uso do PET (Positron Emission Tomography) pode ser muito eficaz.O PET é um tomógrafo por emissão de pósitrons que fornece informações metabólicas. Os exames de PET são normalmente realizados em associação com outros que proporcionam imagens anatômicas, como a ressonância magnética (RM) ou a tomografia computadorizada (TC), uma vez que a sobreposição de dados obtidos pelas duas técnicas permite uma melhor avaliação dos resultados. Quase todos os aparelhos PET disponíveis atualmente no mercado são sistemas híbridos e trazem acoplados na sua estrutura o tomógrafo computadorizado (TC) ou a ressonância magnética (RM). A atividade cerebral pode ser visualizada por PET através de imagens de fluxo sanguíneo (perfusão) cerebral regional, do mapeamento metabólico e do mapeamento da ligação a neurorreceptores por meio da utilização de moléculas radioativas, denominados de radiofármacos.O radiofármaco fludesoxiglicose [FDG (18F)] é um análogo da glicose e possui o elemento radioativo flúor 18 na sua molécula. Por ser análogo da glicose este se concentra nas células que utilizam a glicose como fonte de energia ou em células cuja dependência da glicose aumente por alterações fisiopatológicas.1 O principal substrato para o metabolismo cerebral é a glicose e a taxa metabólica cerebral é um importante indicador para a avaliação da função normal e das alterações patológicas deste órgão.2 Há uma pequena redução idade-dependente na taxa metabólica cerebral da glicose global e essa alteração no decorrer do processo de envelhecimento pode estar relacionada à redução significativa EditorialOpen Access

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Multicenter Standardized ¹⁸F-FDG PET Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias

Cited by 672 publications

References 31 publications

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [¹⁸F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [¹⁸F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

O uso da Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons (pet) no diagnóstico das doenças neurodegenerativas do idoso

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Multicenter Standardized 18F-FDG PET Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias

Cited by 672 publications

References 31 publications

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [18F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [18F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

O uso da Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons (pet) no diagnóstico das doenças neurodegenerativas do idoso

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Product

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Multicenter Standardized ¹⁸F-FDG PET Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [¹⁸F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [¹⁸F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies