Multicentric breast carcinomas: Correlated clinical-radiographic pathologic whole organ studies and ten-year survival

Egan, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(81)90243-1

Cited by 47 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[1][2][3] However, the most widely used methods in currently routine surgical pathology are insufficient to repeat these results in many cases. Despite the well-recognized importance of the distribution of cancer within the breast for optimizing breast-conserving surgery, 4 there are conflicting results in the related literature regarding the significance of breast cancer multifocality, depending on the methodologic limitations and the various definitions used lacking a wide international consensus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the well-recognized importance of the distribution of cancer within the breast for optimizing breast-conserving surgery, 4 there are conflicting results in the related literature regarding the significance of breast cancer multifocality, depending on the methodologic limitations and the various definitions used lacking a wide international consensus. [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The diffuse growth pattern of some highly aggressive breast carcinomas 10 remains mainly unrecognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical relevance of the distribution of the lesions in 500 consecutive breast cancer cases documented in large‐format histologic sections

Tot

2007

Cancer

108

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We investigated whether AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a multi‐functional regulator of energy homeostasis, participates in the regulation of erythropoietin (EPO)‐mediated activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs) and mice. In ECs, treatment with EPO increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), and eNOS, as revealed by Western blot analysis. Inhibition of AMPK activation by compound C or dominant‐negative AMPK mutant abrogated the EPO‐induced increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK, ACC, and eNOS, as well as nitric oxide (NO) production. Additionally, suppression of AMPK activation abolished EPO‐induced EC proliferation, migration and tube formation. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that AMPK mediated the EPO‐induced increase in the phosphorylation of β common receptor (βCR) and the formation of a βCR–AMPK–eNOS complex. In mice, inhibition of AMPK activation by compound C markedly decreased EPO‐elicited angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS was significantly higher in aortas from EPO transgenic mice than wild‐type mice. Moreover, treatment with EPO neutralizing antibody greatly reduced the exercise training‐induced increase in phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS in aortas of wild‐type mice. Taken together, EPO may trigger AMPK‐dependent signaling, which leads to enhanced phosphorylation of βCR and eNOS, increased βCR–AMPK–eNOS complex formation, NO production, and, ultimately, angiogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3053–3062, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical relevance of the distribution of the lesions in 500 consecutive breast cancer cases documented in large‐format histologic sections

Tot

2007

Cancer

108

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“…The patients had opted for modified radical mastectomy after all available surgical options, including conservative surgery, had been explained to them. The specimens were studied using Egan's correlated pathological -radiological method, which involves freezing, slicing, radiography, grossing and microscopy (Egan et al, 1969;Egan, 1982). The superior and lateral margins of the breast specimen were marked with ink.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some of these studies (Gallager, 1969;Hutter, 1971;Lagios, 1977) used radiography, it was Egan (Egan et al, 1969;Egan, 1982) who standardised the 'correlated pathological-radiological' method of whole-organ analysis, which provides optimum sampling of breast tissue. The incidence of multicentricity found in these studies varied from 18%, when 1-2 random samples from each quadrant were examined (Spinelli et al, 1992), to 69% when 5 mm sections of whole breast were examined using Egan's method (Egan, 1982). The principle aim of all these studies was to find the incidence of multicentric foci (MCF) in the breast.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicentricity of breast cancer: whole-organ analysis and clinical implications

Vaidya

Jj²,

Chinoy³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

219

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Summary We studied the spatial relationship within the breast between multicentric foci (MCF) and the primary tumour in 30 modified radical mastectomy specimens using Egan's correlated pathological radiological method using 5 mm slices of the whole breast. The relative positions within the breast of the primary tumour and MCF were used to calculate the relative distribution of primary tumour and MCF in the four quadrants of the breast and the per cent breast volume that would be required to be excised to include all MCF. Nineteen (63%) breast harboured MCF. The relative distribution of primary tumour and MCF in the four breast quadrants was significantly different (P=0.034). MCF were present beyond the index quadrant (25% of breast volume including the tumour) in as many as 79% (15/19) of breasts that harboured MCF; and in half the cases (15/30) when all breast were considered. This is in variance with the suggestion put forward previously that MCF are contained within the index quadrant in 90% of cases. Although the number of patients in the present series is small, the probability of our finding being due to play of chance is 1 in 1500. In a large series of breast conservation studies >90% of early breast recurrences have been found to occur in the index quadrant. Our finding, that in half the patients (15/30) MCF are present in quadrants other than the index quadrant, suggests that MCF do not give rise to early breast recurrence.

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“…At pathology, the excision specimens were handled according to a fixed protocol based on radiographic and pathological assessment, described by Egan [29]. Specimens were inked to indicate their orientation in the breast, sectioned into 5 mm parallel slices and radiographs were obtained.…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of preoperative MRI on breast-conserving surgery of invasive cancer: a comparative cohort study

Pengel

Loo

Teertstra

et al. 2008

Breast Cancer Res Treat

109

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Multicentric breast carcinomas: Correlated clinical-radiographic pathologic whole organ studies and ten-year survival

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

Clinical relevance of the distribution of the lesions in 500 consecutive breast cancer cases documented in large‐format histologic sections

Clinical relevance of the distribution of the lesions in 500 consecutive breast cancer cases documented in large‐format histologic sections

Multicentricity of breast cancer: whole-organ analysis and clinical implications

The impact of preoperative MRI on breast-conserving surgery of invasive cancer: a comparative cohort study

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