Multichannel digital heteronuclear magnetic resonance biosensor

Abstract

Low-field, mobile NMR systems are increasingly used across diverse fields, including medical diagnostics, food quality control, and forensics. The throughput and functionality of these systems, however, are limited due to their conventional single-channel detection: one NMR probe exclusively uses an NMR console at any given time. Under this design, multi-channel detection could only be accomplished by either serially accessing individual probes or stacking up multiple copies of NMR electronics; this approach still retains limitations such as long assay times and increased system complexity. Here we present a new scalable architecture, HERMES (hetero-nuclear resonance multichannel electronic system), for versatile, high-throughput NMR analyses. HERMES exploits the concept of software-defined radio by virtualizing NMR electronics in the digital domain. This strategy i) creates multiple NMR consoles without adding extra hardware; ii) acquires signals from multiple NMR channels in parallel; and iii) operates in wide frequency ranges. All of these functions could be realized on-demand in a single compact device. We interfaced HERMES with an array of NMR probes; the combined system simultaneously measured NMR relaxation from multiple samples and resolved spectra of hetero-nuclear spins (1H, 19F, 13C). For potential diagnostic uses, we applied the system to detect dengue fever and molecularly profile cancer cells through multi-channel protein assays. HERMES holds promise as a powerful analytical tool that enables rapid, reconfigurable, and parallel detection.

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Magnetic Particles: Their Applications from Sample Preparations to Biosensing Platforms

“…To detect prostate-specific antigen, nitrocellulose membrane-based test strips were designed and measured by a portable NMR relaxometer [136]. Many other research groups attempted to adopt this technique to detect several biological components such as food borne bacteria [137][138][139][140] (See Figure 6).…”

Recent advances of medical biosensors for clinical applications

“…The scientists from all over the world combine chemistry, biology, physics, electronics, material science, biotechnology and nanotechnology to follow recent developments due to their specific properties of sensing abilities (Artika et al, 2020; Bhalla et al, 2020; Chakhalian et al, 2020; Mehta et al, 2020; Qin et al, 2020). A biosensor is an analytical tool that integrates a sensing part with a physical transducer including electrochemical (Pacheco et al, 2018), optical (Erdem et al, 2019), piezoelectric (Dagdeviren et al, 2015), thermal (Wang et al, 2019), magnetic (Huber et al, 2019) and so on (Scheme 1).…”