Multichannel PMD Mitigation and Outage Reduction Through FEC With Sub-Burst-Error-Correction Period PMD Scrambling

Liu, Xiang; Xie, Chongjin; Wijngaarden, A.J. van

doi:10.1109/lpt.2004.833088

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…PMD mitigation by fast polarization scrambling was demonstrated using scrambling at the transmitter [49] and evaluated by simulation for distributed scrambling [8,13,36,52]. principle of these schemes, as shown in Figure 9a and Figure 9b, is that the scramblers accelerate the PMD statistics of the transmission fiber down to sub-FEC frame duration (e.g., 12 s for OTU-2 FEC).…”

Section: Principle Of Pmd Mitigation By Fast Polarization Scramblingmentioning

confidence: 99%

PMD Compensation/mitigation techniques for high-speed optical transport

Bülow¹,

Xie²,

Klekamp³

et al. 2009

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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optical and electrical compensation techniques that apply optical signal processing within an optical PMD compensator (PMDC) unit or post-detection electronic signal processing of the photodiode signal by an electronic equalizer within the receiver.In this paper, we review the advances in optical and electronic technologies for PMD mitigation. We first briefly analyze the impact of installed fiber PMD on a transmission system and how to quantify it. The principle and structure of optical PMDCs are described next. The impact of modulation formats on the design of optical PMDCs as well as the performance of a twostage optical PMDC for 40 Gb/s non-return-to-zero differential phase shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) will be discussed. We follow with a discussion of electronic equalizers, which process the electrical signal provided

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Section: Principle Of Pmd Mitigation By Fast Polarization Scramblingmentioning

confidence: 99%

PMD Compensation/mitigation techniques for high-speed optical transport

Bülow¹,

Xie²,

Klekamp³

et al. 2009

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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show abstract

“…The power penalty induced by the PMD may be estimated by the simple formula [19] - [20] III. IA-RWA Where T is the bit duration, related with the transmission rate B by T =1/B , and r is the fraction of the light power launched in one of the SOP's.…”

Section: A Rwa-distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Routing techniques in dynamic optical networks impaired by pmd

Gomes

Fernandes

Oliveira

et al. 2009

2009 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)

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This paper presents a proposal of a Routing and Wavelength Assignment algorithm that use a routing strategy taking into account monitored physical layer attributes as input parameters for the path computation. The proposed routing technique aims at to achieve optical quality of service (OQoS) in optical network impaired by Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD). Numerical results show that the network performance can be improved when alternative routes are used. Furthermore, sim ulations in different networks scenarios suggest that the use the routes with the lower PMD penalty (shortest path in Dijkstra's algorithm) may be very bad and suggest that a more sophisticated routing algorithm should be employ.

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“…Such an approach has general validity and can include other polarization-dependent system impairments. 1 For our purposes, the main value of an explicit expression for is that we obtain an analytic expression for the eye opening (EO) of the signal received after photodetection and electrical filtering (the electrical filter is not reported in Fig. 1) [9] (6) where , being the bit period.…”

Section: A Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods are envisaged for contrasting PMD, ranging from passive methods, employing forward error correction codes and robust modulation formats [1] or posing the rules for fabricating future fibers with minimal PMD impact [2], to active methods for compensating the distorted signal in the electrical domain (see, e.g., [3] and citations therein) or in the optical domain, thus avoiding the complication of including the square-law photodetector in the system model. Optical PMD compensators (OPMDC) can be realized by cascading a number of stages, each made by a polarization control part followed by a first-order PMD section [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Change of Perspective on Single- and Double-Stage Optical PMD Compensation

Vannucci

Bononi

2008

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-We present a rigorous investigation on how to optimize the degrees of freedom of optical polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensators composed of differential group delay sections and polarization controllers, up to two stages. The analytical treatment relies on the extracted Jones matrices of the transmission and compensation fibers. The analysis of a single-stage compensator with two degrees of freedom (fixed DGD) is based on the maximization of the eye opening, as provided by the generalized Chen formula. The outage probability is quantified through a fast semi-analytical technique. It is shown how the benefits of single-stage compensation are strongly reduced and can lead to outage events, when certain critical input states of polarization are launched into transmission fibers with strong eigenmodes depolarization (i.e., strong higher order PMD). Focusing on such transmission fibers and input configurations, a novel algorithm is introduced for controlling a double-stage compensator with five degrees of freedom. The algorithm is based on an ideal equalization of the transmission fiber at half the bit-rate, realized resorting to spherical geometry. To this aim, we show that the first compensator stage must be a PMF fiber with very large DGD, equal to the bit period, in order to compensate the most critical configurations associated with outage events.

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Multichannel PMD Mitigation and Outage Reduction Through FEC With Sub-Burst-Error-Correction Period PMD Scrambling

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

PMD Compensation/mitigation techniques for high-speed optical transport

PMD Compensation/mitigation techniques for high-speed optical transport

Routing techniques in dynamic optical networks impaired by pmd

A Change of Perspective on Single- and Double-Stage Optical PMD Compensation

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