Multiciliated Cells in Animals

Meunier, Anne; Azimzadeh, Juliette

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028233

Cited by 98 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(322 reference statements)

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“…Motile cilia can provide motility for the cells, or generate a directional flow of the media across the tissues to provide directional cues or carry out clearance functions20212325. In the respiratory epithelium of the trachea, motile cilia are uniformly orientated to generate an outward flow for mucociliary clearance27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polarity or the orientation of motile cilia critically underlies normal cilia functions202122232425. In the trachea, motile cilia adorn the surface of epithelial cells and are uniformly oriented, which drives a directional outward flow that is critical for mucociliary clearance232627.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…In the trachea, motile cilia adorn the surface of epithelial cells and are uniformly oriented, which drives a directional outward flow that is critical for mucociliary clearance232627. In the brain ventricles, motile cilia are also uniformly oriented to drive a directional cerebrospinal fluid flow that provides directional cues for brain development and is required for normal spine curvature2328293031. The uniform orientation of motile cilia in these tissues is a manifestation of planar cell polarity (PCP)263233343536, which refers to the coordinated polarization of cells along the plane of the tissue.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The uniform orientation of motile cilia in these tissues is a manifestation of planar cell polarity (PCP)263233343536, which refers to the coordinated polarization of cells along the plane of the tissue. The polarity and the beating direction of each cilium are dictated by the position and orientation of the basal body2123273738. The basal body is a mother centriole-derived nine triplet (9 × 3) microtubule structure that acts as the foundation to the motile cilia axoneme, which consists of nine doublet (9 × 2) microtubules along with a central microtubule pair (9 × 2 + 2)2137.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cilia distribution and polarity in the epithelial lining of the mouse middle ear cavity

Luo

Taylor

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The middle ear conducts sound to the cochlea for hearing. Otitis media (OM) is the most common illness in childhood. Moreover, chronic OM with effusion (COME) is the leading cause of conductive hearing loss. Clinically, COME is highly associated with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, implicating significant contributions of cilia dysfunction to COME. The understanding of middle ear cilia properties that are critical to OM susceptibility, however, is limited. Here, we confirmed the presence of a ciliated region near the Eustachian tube orifice at the ventral region of the middle ear cavity, consisting mostly of a lumen layer of multi-ciliated and a layer of Keratin-5-positive basal cells. We also found that the motile cilia are polarized coordinately and display a planar cell polarity. Surprisingly, we also found a region of multi-ciliated cells that line the posterior dorsal pole of the middle ear cavity which was previously thought to contain only non-ciliated cells. Our study provided a more complete understanding of cilia distribution and revealed for the first time coordinated polarity of cilia in the epithelium of the mammalian middle ear, thus illustrating novel structural features that are likely critical for middle ear functions and related to OM susceptibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cilia distribution and polarity in the epithelial lining of the mouse middle ear cavity

Luo

Taylor

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Generation of Human Endometrial Assembloids with a Luminal Epithelium using Air–Liquid Interface Culture Methods

Tian,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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The endometrial lining of the uterus is essential for women's reproductive health and consists of several different types of epithelial and stromal cells. Although models such as gland‐like structures (GLSs) and endometrial assembloids (EnAos) are successfully established, they lack an intact luminal epithelium, which makes it difficult to recapitulate endometrial receptivity. Here, a novel EnAo model (ALI‐EnAo) is developed by combining endometrial epithelial cells (EnECs) and stromal cells (EnSCs) and using an improved matrix and air–liquid interface (ALI) culture method. ALI‐EnAos exhibit intact EnSCs and glandular and luminal epithelia, which recapitulates human endometrium anatomy, cell composition, hormone‐induced menstrual cycle changes, gene expression profiles, and dynamic ciliogenesis. The model suggests that EnSCs, together with the extracellular matrix and ALI culture conditions, contribute to EnAo phenotypes and characteristics reflective of the endometrial menstrual cycle. This enables to transcriptionally define endometrial cell subpopulations. It anticipates that ALI‐EnAos will facilitate studies on embryo implantation, and endometrial growth, differentiation, and disease.

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Serotonin and MucXS release by small secretory cells depend on Xpod, a SSC specific marker gene

Kurrle

Kunesch

Bogusch

et al. 2019

Genesis

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Summary Mucus secretion and ciliary motility are hallmarks for muco‐ciliary epithelia (MCE). Both, mammalian airways as well as the less complex epidermis of Xenopus embryos show cilia‐driven mucus flow to protect the organism against harmful effects by exogenous pathogens or pollutants. Four cell types set up the epidermal MCE in Xenopus. Multi‐ciliated cells (MCCs) generate an anterior to posterior flow of mucus. Ion secreting cells (ISCs) are characterized by the expression of ion transporters, presumably to maintain a favorable homeostasis. The largest cell type is represented by goblet cells, which cover most of the epidermis and exhibit secretory properties. Additionally, small secretory cells (SSCs) release mucus, antibiotic compounds, and the monoamine serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT). We have recently shown that serotonin regulates flow velocity by acting on ciliary beat frequency. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of Xenopus polka‐dots (Xpod). No homologous genes or proteins were found in other vertebrates, including Xenopus tropicalis. We demonstrate that Xpod serves as an SSC‐specific marker, starting to be expressed shortly after SSC specification at neurula stages. Overexpression of a tagged Xpod protein resulted in the localization of secretory granules. Notch signaling induced SSC cell fate, in contrast to its repressing effect on MCC and ISC specification. Xpod loss‐of‐function revealed that mucus and 5‐HT release by SSCs was severely diminished, which impaired the ciliary beating of MCCs. In summary, Xpod specifically marked SSCs and was required for muco‐ciliary secretion in Xenopus laevis.

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Multiciliated Cells in Animals

Cited by 98 publications

References 177 publications

Cilia distribution and polarity in the epithelial lining of the mouse middle ear cavity

Cilia distribution and polarity in the epithelial lining of the mouse middle ear cavity

Generation of Human Endometrial Assembloids with a Luminal Epithelium using Air–Liquid Interface Culture Methods

Serotonin and MucXS release by small secretory cells depend on Xpod, a SSC specific marker gene

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