Multicolor Conjugated Polymer Dots for Biological Fluorescence Imaging

Wu, Changfeng; Bull, Barbara; Szymanski, Craig; Christensen, Kenneth A.; McNeill, Jason

doi:10.1021/nn800590n

Cited by 685 publications

(893 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…12,20 Fluorescent quantum yields of oligomer in chloroform, THF, DMF, and nanoparticles of oligomer in water were calculated as 51.3%, 46.8%, 36.1%, and 15.6%, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Emitting, Cucurbituril-Capped, pH-Responsive Conjugated Oligomer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Cellular Imaging

et al. 2014

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Here we report the synthesis of nanoparticles based on a conjugated oligomer which is synthesized through Heckcoupling of divinylfluorene and dibromobenzothiodiazole monomers. These water dispersible nanoparticles emit in the region of red tailing to the near-infrared region of the spectrum with high fluorescent quantum yield and brightness. The nanoparticles were found to be stable in water for a prolonged time without forming any aggregates and could carry camptothecin, an anticancer drug with high loading efficiency. MTT cell viability studies performed with breast cancer cell lines showed that halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values of nanoparticles for MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 were 44.7 μM and 24.8 μM, respectively. In order to further decrease the cytotoxicity and increase the stability of nanoparticles, amine groups were disguised by capping with cucurbit [7]uril (CB7). Drug release studies showed that drugs were released at low pH (at 5.0) faster than physiological pH (7.4) confirming the pH-responsive nature of the nanoparticles. On the other hand, CB7-capped drug-loaded nanoparticles regulated the release rate by providing slower release at pH 7.4 than the nanoparticles in the absence of CB7s. IC 50 values for camptothecin in the presence of nanoparticles with or without CB7 were significantly reduced in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. ■ INTRODUCTIONConjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are highly appealing for various advanced applications such as in vivo imaging, cell labeling, and delivery of therapeutic agents, as well as nanophotonics, owing to their high quantum yields and molar absorptivity, tunable properties, easy functionalization, photostability, and so forth. 1−7 To date, the use of CPNs has been demonstrated successfully in cell imaging, oxygen sensing, drug delivery, and nucleic acid delivery. 8−16 When these nanostructures are judiciously designed, they can be utilized in theranostic applications by combining more than one functionality to deliver therapeutic and imaging agents. 17−21 For the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents to the targets the nanoparticles could also include responsive groups that will respond to stimuli such as pH, oxidation−reduction, and enzymes. However, in the literature, examples are scarce regarding the multifunctional conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) and even less with conjugated oligomer-based nanoparticles (CONs). 22,23 Recently, Schenning et al. compared the capabilities of conjugated polymer nanoparticles to selfassembled oligomer-based nanoparticles in terms of their fluorescent quantum yields, stabilities, molar absorptivity, guest-holding, and releasing. 24 They demonstrated that oligomer nanoparticles have higher fluorescent quantum yields and comparable stabilities and molar absorptivity, but they release the guest faster than the conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Thus, this feature should be considered for the further design of oligomer-based nanoparticles for theranostic applications. CONs also offer some useful addi...

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“…12,20 Fluorescent quantum yields of oligomer in chloroform, THF, DMF, and nanoparticles of oligomer in water were calculated as 51.3%, 46.8%, 36.1%, and 15.6%, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Emitting, Cucurbituril-Capped, pH-Responsive Conjugated Oligomer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Cellular Imaging

et al. 2014

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“…Conjugated polymers exhibit high optical gain and excellent photostability compared with most organic dyes, although being of low cytotoxicity, thus enabling its use in living organisms without disturbing biological function 33 . Indeed, excitation with a wavelength of 488 nm, commonly available on commercial confocal or fluorescence microscopes, allows the green particles to be easily observed, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monodisperse conjugated polymer particles by Suzuki–Miyaura dispersion polymerization

2012

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The self-assembly of colloidal building blocks into complex and hierarchical structures offers a versatile and powerful toolbox for the creation of new photonic and optoelectronic materials. However, well-defined and monodisperse colloids of semiconducting polymers, which would form excellent building blocks for such self-assembled materials, are not readily available. Here we report the first demonstration of a suzuki-miyaura dispersion polymerization; this method produces highly monodisperse submicrometer particles of a variety of semiconducting polymers. moreover, we show that these monodisperse particles readily self-assemble into photonic crystals that exhibit a pronounced photonic stopgap.

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“…Very recently, conjugated polymer dots (Pdots) are emerging as a new class of ultrabright fluorescent nanoprobes for biological imaging 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. They exhibit several important characteristics for in vitro and in vivo fluorescence studies, such as high brightness, fast emission rate, excellent photostability, nonblinking and nontoxic feature 23.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Dots (TADF Odots) for Time‐Resolved and Confocal Fluorescence Imaging in Living Cells and In Vivo

et al. 2017

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The fluorophores with long‐lived fluorescent emission are highly desirable for time‐resolved fluorescence imaging (TRFI) in monitoring target fluorescence. By embedding the aggregates of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dye, 2,3,5,6‐tetracarbazole‐4‐cyano‐pyridine (CPy), in distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE‐PEG2000) matrix, CPy‐based organic dots (CPy‐Odots) with a long fluorescence lifetime of 9.3 μs (in water at ambient condition) and high brightness (with an absolute fluorescence quantum efficiency of 38.3%) are fabricated. CPy‐Odots are employed in time‐resolved and confocal fluorescence imaging in living Hela cells and in vivo. The green emission from the CPy‐Odots is readily differentiated from the cellular autofluorescence background because of their stronger emission intensities and longer lifetimes. Unlike other widely studied DSPE‐PEG2000 encapsulated Odots which are always distributed in cytoplasm, CPy‐Odots are located mainly in plasma membrane. In addition, the application of CPy‐Odots as a bright microangiography agent for TRFI in zebrafish is also demonstrated. Much broader application of CPy‐Odots is also prospected after further surface functionalization. Given its simplicity, high fluorescence intensity, and wide availability of TADF materials, the method can be extended to develop more excellent TADF Odots for accomplishing the challenges in future bioimaging applications.

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Multicolor Conjugated Polymer Dots for Biological Fluorescence Imaging

Cited by 685 publications

References 38 publications

Red Emitting, Cucurbituril-Capped, pH-Responsive Conjugated Oligomer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Cellular Imaging

Red Emitting, Cucurbituril-Capped, pH-Responsive Conjugated Oligomer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Cellular Imaging

Monodisperse conjugated polymer particles by Suzuki–Miyaura dispersion polymerization

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Dots (TADF Odots) for Time‐Resolved and Confocal Fluorescence Imaging in Living Cells and In Vivo

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