Multicomponent isotope separating cascade with losses

Generation of an atomic beam by using laser ablation for isotope separation purposes

“…Isotopes are separated in many different ways, depending on and application. The most used isotope separation methods are those based on centrifuges (Beams and Haynes, 1936;Kholpanov et al, 1997), gas diffusion (Naylor and Backer, 1955), electromagnetic methods (Martynenko, 2009), thermal diffusion (Furry et al, 1939;Rutherford, 1986), aerodynamic method (Becker et al, 1967), ion exchange and chemical separation (Calusaru and Murgulescu, 1976;Kim et al, 2001), plasma centrifuge (Prasad and Krishnan, 1987;Del Bosco et al, 1987), ion cyclotron resonance -ICR (Dolgolenko and Muromkin, 2009;Louvet, 1995), atomic vapor laser isotope separation -AVLIS (Schwab et al, 1998;Paisner, 1988), and molecular LIS -MLIS (Schwab et al, 1998;Jensen et al, 1982).…”

Special features of the enrichment of components with intermediate mass in a quasi-ideal cascade

“…A particular case of a quasi-ideal cascade is a R cascade. In such a cascade, at the entrances into its steps the flows of the mixture to be separated are combined with the same relative concentration of the vapor of the chosen components [3][4][5][6][7].When a m-component mixture is separated, the parameters of the quasi-ideal cascade are the feed flow F, the product flow P, and the waste flow W, and the corresponding concentrations C iF , C iP , and C iW (i = 1, m), the total separation of the steps q ik and the coefficient of separation of the steps with respect to the enriched (light) α ik and depleted (heavy) β ik fractions (i =  1, m), which are constants and are independent of the number of the steps. In addition, the parameters of the problem are the total number N of steps in the cascade, the number f of the step at whose entrance the feed flows enter, and the number k of the component (called the reference component), relative to which the separation coefficients q ik , α ik , and β ik are calculated.…”

“…A particular case of a quasi-ideal cascade is a R cascade. In such a cascade, at the entrances into its steps the flows of the mixture to be separated are combined with the same relative concentration of the vapor of the chosen components [3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…For molecular-kinetic methods of separation of isotopes (gas diffusion, gas centrifuge, and thermal and mass diffusion), the total separation coefficient q ik of a step can be represented in the form [3][4][5][6][7] where q 0 is the separation coefficient per unit difference of the mass numbers, and M k and M i are, respectively, the mass number of the kth and the ith component.…”