Multicore Fiber Sensors

Villatoro, Joel; Arrizabalaga, Oskar; Antonio-López, Enrique; Zubía, Joseba; Ocáriz, Idurre Sáez de

doi:10.1364/ofc.2017.th3h.1

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To investigate the optical characteristics of the TSCF interferometer, it is found that when the SCF is tapered until D is below 60 μm, the supermodes can be excited since the seven cores come closer to become a strongly coupled waveguide structure [27]. The typical mode field patterns, taken using a 1000x CCD microscope, of the SCF and the supermode in TSCF, for the case where D is 60 μm, are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Working Principle and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3(a) and 3(b), respectively. The supermodes interfere with each other and thus produce interference effects [27]. When the broadband spectrum (spanning the wavelength range 1250-1650 nm) from the superluminescent diodes is launched into the central core of the SCF, the transmission spectra for the TSCF at different values of D (24 μm, 13 μm, and 7 μm) are respectively shown in Fig.…”

Section: Working Principle and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Room-Temperature Power-Stabilized Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Based on Cascaded Mach-Zehnder Interferometers With Different Free Spectral Range for Strain Sensing

Zhang

Tian

Chen

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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An automatically power-stabilized (with power fluctuation <0.155 dB), narrow-linewidth (0.0171 nm), wavelengthtunable (10.69 nm) erbium-doped fiber laser has been proposed by cascading two fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) without using any temperature controlling device. One of the MZIs (here called the 1st MZI) is composed of two 3 dB couplers to form interference patterns while the other MZI (here termed the 2nd MZI) is constructed with a tapered seven-core fiber (SCF) and based on the principle of supermode interference. For the two MZIs, the free spectral range (FSR), the passband bandwidth and the extinction ratio (ER) at 1560 nm are 0.37 nm, 0.19 nm, 16.6 dB and 13.93 nm, 7.93 nm, 10.1 dB, respectively. Due to the major difference between the two FSR values, the 1st MZI and the 2nd MZI respectively play a role in controlling the laser linewidth and suppressing the homogeneous broadening effect to reach to a satisfactory level of power stability. The 2nd MZI is also used to fine tune the laser wavelength by applying strain to the tapered SCF (TSCF) over the spectral range of 1570.22-1559.33 nm, with an incremental step of 0.37 nm being used. The side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of the tunable fiber laser can be up to 45 dB. By appropriately adjusting the polarization controller, dual wavelength lasing can also be achieved.

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Section: Working Principle and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Working Principle and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-Temperature Power-Stabilized Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Based on Cascaded Mach-Zehnder Interferometers With Different Free Spectral Range for Strain Sensing

Zhang

Tian

Chen

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Usually, the fan-in/fan-out couplers are essential to help transmit the optical signal into the individual cores of the MCF when the sensor is composed of MCF. When the MCF is tapered, supermodes [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] are excited, leading to higher sensitivity due to interference. Until now, sensors based on four-core fiber (FCF) have been reported for temperature, refractive index, and pressure measurements [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicore Fiber Bending Sensors with High Sensitivity Based on Asymmetric Excitation Scheme

Suo

Peng

Chen

2022

Sensors

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Bending sensing was realized by constructing a tapered four-core optical fiber (TFCF) sensor. The four-core fiber (FCF) between the fan-in and fan-out couplers was tapered and the diameter became smaller, so that the distance between the four cores arranged in a square became gradually smaller to produce supermodes. The two ends of the TFCF were respectively connected to the fan-in and fan-out couplers so that the individual cores in the FCF could link to the separate single-mode fibers. A broadband light source (superluminescent diodes (SLD)) spanning 1250–1650 nm was injected into any one of the four cores, and the orientation was thus determined. In the tapering process, the remaining three cores gradually approached the excitation core in space to excite several supermodes based on the tri-core structure first, and then transited to the quadruple-core structure. The field distributions of the excited supermodes were asymmetric due to the corner-core excitation scheme, and the interference thus resulted in a higher measurement sensitivity. When the diameter of the TFCF was 7.5 μm and the tapered length was 2.21 mm, the sensitivity of the bending sensor could reach 16.12 nm/m−1.

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“…In order to improve the strain sensitivity of the fiber, it is very important to enlarge the optical path difference (OPD) between different modes during elongation of the fiber. To compare with those interferometric strain sensors based on SMFs, the multicore fibers (MCFs) can generally reach better results, since the excited supermodes are assumed by the different high order modes [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In recent years, multicore fibers (MCFs) have been extensively investigated for their important contributions in saving the physical space of the fiber-optic communication systems through enlarging the transmission capacity, which is also called space division multiplexing [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Strain Sensors Using Four-Core Fibers through a Corner-Core Excitation

et al. 2022

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A weakly-coupled multicore fiber can generate supermodes when the multi-cores are closer to enter the evanescent power coupling region. The high sensitivity strain sensors using tapered four-core fibers (FCFs) were demonstrated. The fan-in and fan-out couplers were used to carry out light coupling between singlemode fibers and the individual core of the FCFs. A broadband lightsource from superlumminescent diodes (SLDs) was launched into one of the four cores arranged in a rectangular configuration. When the FCF was substantially tapered, the asymmetric supermodes were produced to generate interferences through this corner-core excitation scheme. During tapering, the supermodes were excited based on a tri-core structure initially and then transited to a rectangular quadruple-core structure gradually to reach the sensitivity of 185.18 pm/μԑ under a tapered diameter of 3 μm. The asymmetric evanescent wave distribution due to the corner-core excitation scheme is helpful to increase the optical path difference (OPD) between supermodes for improving the strain sensitivity.

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Multicore Fiber Sensors

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Room-Temperature Power-Stabilized Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Based on Cascaded Mach-Zehnder Interferometers With Different Free Spectral Range for Strain Sensing

Room-Temperature Power-Stabilized Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Based on Cascaded Mach-Zehnder Interferometers With Different Free Spectral Range for Strain Sensing

Multicore Fiber Bending Sensors with High Sensitivity Based on Asymmetric Excitation Scheme

High Sensitivity Strain Sensors Using Four-Core Fibers through a Corner-Core Excitation

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