Multicountry estimation of dietary boron intake

Rainey, Charlene; Nyquist, Leslie

doi:10.1007/bf02783128

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A study conducted in the USA revealed that the average daily exposure to B is around 1 mg in that country 29 . In another study reporting the results from four countries for adult males over 19 years of age, the daily B exposure values were reported as 1·04-1·11, 1·61-1·79, 1·89 -2·36 and 1·94-2·03 mg/d for the USA, Germany, Mexico and Kenya, respectively 30 . It might be suggested that the variations observed for the different countries probably reflect the differences in diet traditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of human daily boron exposure in a boron-rich area

Korkmaz

Şaylı²,

Sayli

et al. 2007

Br J Nutr

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Although, the safe limits of human daily boron (B) exposure are not absolutely clear, there is a growing interest in B and its effects on human health. The aim of the present study was to estimate daily B exposure in 66 males in Turkey living in a B-rich area using water containing at least 2 mg/l boron, with an average age of 38·55 (SE 1·66) years and an average number of years of residence in the B-rich area of 35·89 (SE 1·73). Another group of males (n 57), living in the city centres of Balıkesir and Ankara, were taken as controls; the average age and number of years of residence for this group were 29·44 (SE 1·43) and 10·26 (SE 1·83) years, respectively. As it is assumed that the B level in urine reflects daily B exposure, the amount of urinary B of both the study and control groups was analysed by using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. The average daily B exposure value was calculated as 6·77 (SE 0·47) mg in the study group and 1·26 (SE 0·1) mg in the controls. The results of this study are expected to contribute to creating a reference value for a safe daily B exposure. Boron: Daily exposure: Risk assessmentRecent studies conducted both in vitro and epidemiologically have indicated that boron (B) exposure may make significant contributions to human health 1 -3 . Humans are naturally exposed to B via food and drinking water 4 . B is absorbed almost completely by the gastrointestinal and respiratory system if exposure occurs, and is mostly present in body tissues and fluids as boric acid, B(OH) 3 , and in lesser amounts as B(OH) 4 2 anion 5 . Studies indicate that B homeostasis is basically maintained by urinary excretion 6 .B was defined as a trace element in 1980 7 . In spite of the lack of epidemiological data, the WHO reported that boron may provide a physiological benefit for human health 8 . Safe and/or beneficial B levels have not been determined for humans, though animal studies have defined deleterious and beneficial B levels for animals 9 .In a study by Penland 10 , it was outlined that B improves brain function and psychomotor response. It increases steroid hormone concentrations and has antioxidant properties in postmenopausal women 9,11 . There is also evidence that B plays a role in healthy bones and joints 12,13 . Additionally, in recent years there have also been some promising results concerning the treatment of certain malignancies 14,15 .Toxicological effects have also been reported in animals at higher doses, e.g in mice, rats and rabbits skeletal malformations and cardiovascular defects have been observed 16,17 . Although not confirmed, it was claimed that B had a deleterious effect in humans, the target organ being the testis. Atrophy and eventual degeneration of the organ in several animal species at high doses have been shown 18,19 . Initially, reproduction toxicology studies were based upon data obtained from animal studies and adapted to human risk evaluations 20 . It was reported in several field studies that B does not affect human r...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of human daily boron exposure in a boron-rich area

Korkmaz

Şaylı²,

Sayli

et al. 2007

Br J Nutr

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“…For vegetarian adults, these intakes are between 1.47 and 2.74 mg B/day for men and between 1.29 and 4.18 mg B/day for women. Among the top 50 B contributors, peanut butter, wine, raisins, peanuts, and other nuts are high in B [40,43].…”

Section: Average Fructoborate Intakementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Rainey et al stated that "very large variations in B intakes occur across the U.S. adult population," ranging as high as 9 mg/person/day [43]. Mean and 95th percentile B intakes were estimated as 1.17-2.42 mg/day for men and 0.96-1.94 mg/day for women.…”

Section: Average Fructoborate Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Fructoborate—Potential Anti-inflammatory Agent

Scorei

Rotaru

2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Calcium fructoborate is a boron-based nutritional supplement. Its chemical structure is similar to one of the natural forms of boron such as bis-manitol, bis-sorbitol, bis-fructose, and bis-sucrose borate complexes found in edible plants. In vitro studies revealed that calcium fructoborate is a superoxide ion scavenger and anti-inflammatory agent. It may influence macrophage production of inflammatory mediators, can be beneficial for the suppression of cytokine production, and inhibits progression of endotoxin-associated diseases, as well as the boric acid and other boron sources. The mechanisms by which calcium fructoborate exerts its beneficial anti-inflammatory effects are not entirely clear, but some of its molecular biological in vitro activities are understood: inhibition of the superoxide within the cell; inhibition of the interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide release in the culture media; and increase of the tumor necrosis factor-α production. Also, calcium fructoborate has no effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein express. The studies on animals and humans with a dose range of 1-7 mg calcium fructoborate (0.025-0.175 mg elemental boron)/kg body weight/day exhibited a good anti-inflammatory activity, and it also seemed to have negligible adverse effect on humans.

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“…It is found primarily in plant foods and the human daily boron intake in different countries is in the range of 0.89-2.12 mg/day (19). Boron essentiality in humans is still unclear.…”

Section: Boronmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Boron, Lithium, and Strontium in Human Health and Profiles of These Elements in Urine of Japanese

Usuda

Kono

Dote

et al. 2007

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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The biological, medical and environmental roles of trace elements have attracted considerable attention over the years. In spite of their relevance in nutritional, occupational and toxicological aspects, there is still a lack of consistent and reliable measurement techniques and reliable information on reference values. In this review our understandings of the urinary profilings of boron, lithium and strontium are summarized and fundamental results obtained in our laboratory are discussed.Over the past decade we have successfully used inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry for the determination of reference values for urinary concentrations of boron, lithium and strontium. Taking into account the short biological half-life of these elements and the fact that their major excretion route is via the kidney, urine was considered to be a suitable material for monitoring of exposure to these elements. We confirmed that urinary concentrations of boron, lithium and strontium follow a lognormal distribution. The geometric mean reference values and 95% confidence intervals were 798 μg/l (398-1599 μg/l) for boron, 23.5 μg/l (11.0-50.5 μg/l) for lithium and 143.9 μg/l (40.9-505.8 μg/l) for strontium. There were no discrepancies between our values and those previously reported. Our reference values and confidential intervals can be used as guidelines for the health screening of Japanese individuals to evaluate environmental or occupational exposure to these elements.

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Multicountry estimation of dietary boron intake

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Estimation of human daily boron exposure in a boron-rich area

Estimation of human daily boron exposure in a boron-rich area

Calcium Fructoborate—Potential Anti-inflammatory Agent

An Overview of Boron, Lithium, and Strontium in Human Health and Profiles of These Elements in Urine of Japanese

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