2018
DOI: 10.1002/ana.25280
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Multicrossover Randomized Controlled Trial Designs in Alzheimer Disease

Abstract: Conventional parallel group randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are too large, long, expensive and insensitive to clinical change to meet the urgent need for an effective treatment. While providing good evidence for a treatment’s benefit, parallel group RCTs in AD must have very large samples and broad measures of change to accommodate the marked heterogeneity of demographics, genetics, symptoms, pathophysiologies, comorbidities and rates of progression. Multi-crossover, pla… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…In addition to possible carry‐over effects, withdrawal effects and pla­cebo responses are enmeshed and, as a result, our estimates of variability may partly reflect the variability of withdrawal effects. To disentangle withdrawal and placebo responses in cross‐over designs is complex but not impossible, and could be considered in studies aiming to further unpack individual variability of response 24 . The open‐label method also assumes that the change in symptom severity with an active compound following a period of placebo treatment is a fair estimate of the treatment effect; wheth­er this is fully justified is not known, although our group‐level findings suggest that this may be a reasonable assumption.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to possible carry‐over effects, withdrawal effects and pla­cebo responses are enmeshed and, as a result, our estimates of variability may partly reflect the variability of withdrawal effects. To disentangle withdrawal and placebo responses in cross‐over designs is complex but not impossible, and could be considered in studies aiming to further unpack individual variability of response 24 . The open‐label method also assumes that the change in symptom severity with an active compound following a period of placebo treatment is a fair estimate of the treatment effect; wheth­er this is fully justified is not known, although our group‐level findings suggest that this may be a reasonable assumption.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results of our n-of-1 trials without personalized interventions within the trial could be used to inform participants about their future dietary options. The design of the n-of-1 trial may also facilitate a detailed assessment about the sensitivity and specificity of an intervention, given that participants serve as their own controls in repeated crossover interventions, and all the analyses are based on personal outcomes for each individual ( 46 ). Furthermore, personal outcomes derived from the n-of-1 trial can be included in future clinical practice, which may enhance the clinical relevance of the treatment's effects.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to possible carryover effects, withdrawal effects and placebo responses are enmeshed, and as a result our estimates of variability may partly reflect the variability of withdrawal effects. To disentangle withdrawal and placebo responses in crossover designs is complex but not impossible, and could be considered in studies aiming to further unpack individual variability of response (26). The open label method also assumes that the change in symptom severity with an active compound following a period of placebo treatment is a fair estimate of the treatment effect; whether this is fully justified is not known, although the group level findings suggest this may be a reasonable assumption.…”
Section: Limitationsmentioning
confidence: 99%