“…Aleatory and epistemic uncertainties exist in most engineering problems simultaneously (Alvarez, Uribe, & Hurtado, 2018;Balu & Rao, 2012;Der Kiureghian & Ditlevsen, 2009;Liu, Kuang, Yin, & Hu, 2017;Wang, Gao, Zhou, & Zhang, 2018;Zhang & Huang, 2010). Aleatory uncertainty is objective and irreducible, which is often described by the classical probability theory.…”