Multidetector computed tomography and 3-dimensional imaging: preoperative evaluation of thoracic vascular and tracheobronchial anomalies and abnormalities in pediatric patients

Use of multidetector computed tomography 3D reconstructions in assessing lower tracheal–bronchial pathology and subsequent surgical interventions

“…The pediatric thorax can be scanned in a matter of seconds, often obviating the need for sedation. The use of preset algorithms from commercially available software allows reconstructions to be more easily completed and less time consuming to perform [8,17]. However, with this improved technology, analysis of whether 3D helps to improve assessing anatomical detail and more importantly causes changes in subsequent management over standard 2D will need to be determined.…”

“…In the past, 3D volume rendering was limited by a time-consuming imaging reconstruction process. However, this limitation has been substantially improved with the introduction of various preset reconstruction algorithms and commercial 3D software programs [8]. Although there is overlap in symptoms that present secondary to upper and lower airway abnormalities, upper airway pathology is more easily diagnosed by laryngoscopy or clinical exam and was not considered in this paper [9,10].…”

Chest and Cardiac Findings on High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Children on Regular Hemodialysis with Abnormal Spirometry

“…However, the sensitivity of chest X-ray is known to be low (13). Therefore, CT of the chest was performed, and for this pediatric group, the use of HRCT using a low radiation dose protocol for optimal pediatric chest imaging was considered to accurately evaluate the central airway, cardiovascular and mediastinal abnormalities, and lung parenchyma (16,17,(31)(32)(33).…”

Paediatric multi-detector row chest CT: what you really need to know

“…They may cause distal collapse of the lung or partial obstruction with ‘ball valve effect’ that causes obstructive and dramatic over-inflation of the distal lung. On MDCT, findings are of a fluid/mucoid/serous attenuation non-enhancing mass, the degree of attenuation is dependent on the amount of proteinaceous content [3]. Post infection, there is wall enhancement after contrast administration, with air/fluid levels seen within the lesion.…”

“…19b). Patients are symptomatic if the abnormality is associated with a large Kommerell’s diverticulum, in which the left ligamentum arteriosum develops an aneurysm at the origin of the left subclavian artery [3, 36, 37]. MDCT angiography can provide a comprehensive evaluation of this anomaly with 3D rendered display of the vasculature together with central airway and lung parenchyma, which may be compressed.

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