Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Adahchour, M.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54640-2_13

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(214 reference statements)

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“…Heart-cut GC–GC, more conventional MDGC, is suitable for medium to complex samples with 100–200 analytes, and a comparably novel technique, comprehensive GC × GC, fits well with samples with high complexity [ 6 ]. The selection of appropriate column phases plays a key role in the multidimensional chromatographic separation [ 15 , 18 – 20 ]. Amino and polymeric C 18 LC columns, for instance, became preferable for MDLC, with the first column used for clean-up and isolation of the PAH fraction of interest from complex samples and the second column used for selective separation of each fraction containing PAHs with analytical difficulties (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated clean-up, separation and detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter extracts using a 2D-LC/2D-GC system: a method translation from two FIDs to two MS detectors

et al. 2017

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An online two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography/2D gas chromatography system with two mass-selective detectors has been developed on the basis of a previous system with two flame ionization detectors. The method translation involved the change of carrier gas from hydrogen to helium, column dimension and detectors. The 2D system with two mass-selective detectors was validated with use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) standards and two standard reference materials from air and diesel exhaust. Furthermore, the system was applied to a real sample, wood smoke particulates. The PAH values determined correlated well with the previous data and those from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The system enhanced the benefits of the previous system, which were limited by the low detectability and lack of mass selectivity. This study shows an automated 2D system that is valid for PAH analysis of complex environmental samples directly from crude extracts. Graphical AbstractSchematic illustration showing on-line clean-up, separation and detection using 2D-LC/2D-GC/MS Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-017-0509-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated clean-up, separation and detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter extracts using a 2D-LC/2D-GC system: a method translation from two FIDs to two MS detectors

et al. 2017

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“…GC × GC techniques have attracted attention in recent years due to factors such as its high resolution, high peak capacity in a given time, improved detectability, and structured retentions. , Equipped with two different stationary phase columns, first ( 1 D) and second ( 2 D) dimensions, of different separation mechanisms with some measure of “orthogonality”, a modulator interface device is located between the two separation dimensions as the functional GC × GC arrangement. The quality of a GC × GC separation is affected by parameters such as the relative column dimensions, their polarities, the carrier flow, and the oven temperature program, which may variably affect either of the 1 D or 2 D separation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pressure Tuning of First Dimension Columns in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

2016

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The experimental approach and mechanism of pressure tuning (PT) are introduced for the first stage of a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) separation. The PT-GC × GC system incorporates a first dimension ((1)D) coupled column ensemble comprising a pair of (1)D columns ((1)D1 and (1)D2) connected via a microfluidic splitter device, allowing variable decompression of carrier gas across each (1)D column, and a conventional (2)D narrow bore column. By variation of junction pressure between the (1)D1 and (1)D2 columns, tunable total (1)D retentions of analytes are readily derived. Separations of a standard mixture comprising a number of different chemical classes (including alkanes, monoaromatics, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters) and Australian tea tree oil (TTO) were studied as practical examples of the PT-GC × GC system application. This illustrated the change of analyte retention time with experimental conditions depending on void time and retention on the different columns. In addition to void time change, variation of carrier gas relative decompression in the (1)D ensemble leads to tunable contribution of the (1)D1/(1)D2 columns that changes apparent polarity and selectivity of the ensemble. The resulting changes in (1)D elution order further altered elution temperature and thus retention of each analyte on the (2)D column in temperature-programmed GC × GC. 2D orthogonality measurements were then conducted to evaluate overall separation performance under application of different (1)D junction pressure. As a result, distribution and selectivity of particular target compounds, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated terpenes in 2D space, and thus orthogonality, could be adequately tuned. This indicates the potential of PT-GC × GC to be applicable for practical sample separation and provides a general approach to tune selectivity of target compounds.

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