“…Nowadays, manufacturing companies all over the world operate under circumstances that are characterized by the rise of global trade (Kapoor et al, 2021), the opening up of new Lean manufacturing practices markets (Afonso et al, 2021;Sartal et al, 2022), increasing competitive pressure (Sartal et al, 2022;Chavez et al, 2022) and more frequent changes in the preferences of customers (Sartal et al, 2022) who require shorter lead times, higher product quality, more variety (Antony et al, 2022) and customized products and services (Jena and Patel, 2022). Furthermore, the economic downturn (Kapoor et al, 2021), the Covid-19 pandemic (Afonso et al, 2021;Nejad, 2023) and the energy crisis which is being prolonged by the Ukraine-Russia war (Freser, 2022) are also elements that influence companies all over the world nowadays. Under such circumstances, the business environment is complex, dynamic, volatile (Cadavid et al, 2020) and uncertain (Kapoor et al, 2021;Jena and Patel, 2022), and companies find themselves facing many obstacles which they must overcome in an effort to survive and be competitive (Bevilacqua et al, 2017;Chavez et al, 2022).…”