Multidimensional phenotyping of the <scp>post‐COVID</scp>‐19 syndrome: A Swiss survey study

Diem, Lara; Schwarzwald, Anina; Friedli, Christoph; Hammer, Helly; Gomes‐Fregolente, Livia; Warncke, Jan D.; Weber, Lea; Kamber, Nicole; Chan, Andrew; Bassetti, Claudio; Salmen, Anke; Hoepner, Robert

doi:10.1111/cns.13938

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As a result, we found that some patients with decompensated cirrhosis also experienced the symptoms of “post-COVID-19 syndrome,” such as cough, fatigue, wheezing, and change or even loss of taste. [ 23 , 24 ] As described by these patients, these symptoms persisted after COVID-19 illness, and in this study, were categorized as the “post-COVID-specific symptom cluster.” The findings of our study, along with those of others [ 25 ] have suggested that these syndromes impact patients’ quality of life to varying degrees.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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A new theory to promote self-management of symptom clusters and healthcare quality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Liu,

Luo,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Patients with decompensated cirrhosis, a symptomatic phase of cirrhosis, commonly experience multiple symptoms concurrently, referred to as symptom clusters. Effective self-management of symptoms is known to improve outcomes in various chronic diseases. However, a theory for self-management of symptom clusters in decompensated cirrhosis is lacking. In this study, we applied grounded theory research methodology to construct a new theory of self-management of symptom clusters in these patients. This qualitative study prospectively enrolled 20 patients with decompensated cirrhosis within 1 week after hospital admission. Data related to patients’ experiences, needs, perspectives, and abilities related to their symptoms were collected via a semi-structured, in-depth interview and analyzed with Nvivo version 20 software. Grounded theory methodology with 3 coding steps (open, axial, and selective coding) was applied to generate a theory of self-management of symptom clusters. From the step-by-step coding process, 2 core categories or major themes were identified: patients’ experiences with symptoms and coping with symptoms. The first major theme included symptom clustering, multidimensionality, recurrence, and specificity, while the second consisted of endogenous motivation, endogenous resistance, and external support needs. A new theory of self-management of symptom clusters was then constructed and delineated to enhance self-management among patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Using patient experience data, we developed a new theory of self-management of symptom clusters in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Use of this theory has the potential to promote patient self-management and guide healthcare providers in planning optimal treatments and implementing timely interventions, ultimately improving in patient outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…[23,24] As described by these patients, these symptoms persisted after COVID-19 illness, and in this study, were categorized as the "post-COVID-specific symptom cluster." The findings of our study, along with those of others [25] have suggested that these syndromes impact patients' quality of life to varying degrees.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

A new theory to promote self-management of symptom clusters and healthcare quality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Liu,

Luo,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Medicine

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“…As can be observed, pain symptomatology is present in all clusters identified by Kuodi et al [15]. In fact, pain symptomatology is commonly found to be associated with the presence of fatigue or gastrointestinal problems in several chronic pain conditions; however, some authors have found that pain and fatigue can be also separated into two different clusters in individuals with post-COVID symptoms [38].…”

Section: Subclassification (Clustering) and Phenotyping Of Long-covidmentioning

confidence: 86%

Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions

Fernández-de-las-Peñas,

Raveendran,

Giordano

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to a lack of recognition of the condition and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. In fact, the prevalence of post-COVID symptoms ranges from 50% during the first months after the infection up to 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed to map the existing literature on post-COVID symptoms and to identify gaps in the literature to guide the global effort toward an improved understanding of long-COVID and suggest future research directions. There is a plethora of symptomatology that can be due to COVID-19; however, today, there is no clear classification and definition of this condition, termed long-COVID or post-COVID-19 condition. The heterogeneity in the symptomatology has led to the presence of groups/clusters of patients, which could exhibit different risk factors and different mechanisms. Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation of latent infections, endothelial dysfunction and alteration in gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining the complexity of long-COVID. In such an equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, SARS-CoV-2 variants), host biology (e.g., genetics, epigenetics) and external factors (e.g., vaccination) should be also considered. These various factors will be discussed in the current perspective review and future directions suggested.

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“…11,14,15 Well-being is a comprehensive domain that encompasses both the physical and neuropsychiatric outcomes associated with PCC. The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic has been correlated with a marked decrease in overall well-being, attributable to many factors that increase the risk of anxiety and depression including COVID-19 infection, financial stress, and social isolation 16,17 Furthermore, a recent survey conducted in Switzerland revealed that individuals suffering from PCC experience a significant decline in well-being, as measured by the WHO Well-Being Index, 5-Item (WHO-5). 18 Analogous to neuropsychiatric disorders, the deterioration in well-being among individuals with PCC is linked to various risk factors, including age, physical comorbidities, and duration of COVID-19 symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Baseline Anxiety on Well-being in People with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Secondary Analysis

Kleine,

Kwan,

et al. 2024

CNS Spectr.

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Background Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is associated with a host of psychopathological conditions including prominent anxiety symptoms. However, it is not known what effect anxious symptoms have on measures of well-being in individuals living with PCC. This study aims to evaluate anxiety’s association with measures of well-being in people with PCC. Methods This is a post hoc analysis utilizing data from a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial assessing the effect of vortioxetine on cognitive impairment in individuals with PCC (NCT05047952). Baseline data with respect to anxiety and well-being were collected using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, 7-Item (GAD-7), and the World Health Organization (WHO) Well-Being Index, 5-Item (WHO-5), respectively. A generalized linear model (GLM) analysis on baseline GAD-7 and WHO-5 scores was conducted with age, sex, employment status, education level, previous major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis, and confirmed COVID-19 cases as covariates. Results Data was analyzed in a sample of 144 participants (N = 144). After controlling for the aforementioned covariates, the results found that GAD-7 and WHO-5 scores had a significant negative correlation (β = −0.053, p = <0.001), signifying that increased anxiety had adverse effects on the overall well-being of individuals with PCC. Conclusion Herein, we observed a clinically meaningful level of anxiety in individuals with PCC. We also identified a robust correlation between anxiety in PCC and measures of general well-being. Our results require replication, providing the impetus for recommending screening and targeting anxious symptoms as a tactic to improve general well-being and outcomes in individuals with PCC.

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Multidimensional phenotyping of the post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: A Swiss survey study

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

A new theory to promote self-management of symptom clusters and healthcare quality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

A new theory to promote self-management of symptom clusters and healthcare quality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions

Impact of Baseline Anxiety on Well-being in People with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Secondary Analysis

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